Wignez Henrique

Características da carcaça e da carne de bovinos sob diferentes dietas, em confinamento

The carcass and meat qualitative characteristics of 10 young bulls, 10 castrated males, and 10 females of Canchim breed finished in feedlot were evaluated. Animals were fed: 1 - corn silage and concentrate containing soybean meal, corn and citrus pulp (CS), and 2 - sugar cane and concentrate containing soybean meal, corn, sunflower grains, and citrus pulp (SC). The data were analized by completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2 arrangement (three sexual conditions x two diets), and the experimental period lasted 105 days. No interactions were observed and the young bulls presented higher (P<0.05) hot carcass weights and loin area, higher hindquarter and lower forequarter yields in relation to the castrated males and females. The samples of loin did not show differences among treatments in relation to shear force, pH, total losses due dripping on capacity of water retention, and meat color. The castrated males and females presented better texture of meat. The CS and SC diets can be used in finishing cattle under confinement.

Composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos de diferentes condições sexuais recebendo silagem de milho e concentrado ou cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as caracteristicas quimicas e a composicao em acidos graxos do contrafile (musculo Longissimus) de tourinhos, novilhos e novilhas da raca Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento com duas dietas experimentais, uma com silagem de milho e concentrado e outra com cana-de-acucar e concentrado contendo graos de girassol. Os teores de umidade, proteina e minerais no musculo nao diferiram entre as dietas e as condicoes sexuais dos animais. A carne de novilhos terminados com a dieta com graos de girassol apresentou maior teor de lipidios (3,31%) em comparacao a dos animais de outras categorias. Os animais que receberam a dieta com graos de girassol apresentaram maiores concentracoes de acido linoleico conjugado (18:2 cis9, trans-11) (0,73%) e acidos graxos poliinsaturados (8,12%) no musculo, e tambem relacoes mais elevadas de acidos graxos insaturados:saturados (0,93) e acidos graxos poliinsaturados:saturados (0,16) em comparacao aqueles que receberam a dieta convencional, a base de silagem de milho (0,34%; 6,31%; 0,86; e 0,11, respectivamente). A composicao em acidos graxos da carne de bovinos pode ser melhorada com a utilizacao de cana-de-acucar e graos de girassol na dieta dos animais terminados em confinamento.The objective in this work was to evaluate the chemical characteristics and the fatty acids composition of beef loin (Longissimus muscle) of young bulls, steers and heifers of Canchim breed. The animals were finished in feedlot system and fed two experimental diets, one with corn silage and concentrate (SIL) and the other with sugar cane, as exclusive roughage, and concentrate containing sunflower grains (CNA). Differences were not detected in relation to moisture, protein and mineral contents between diets or sexual categories. The meat from steers that received the CNA diet had higher lipid content (3.31%) in relation to meat from young bulls and heifers receiving the same diet. The meat from animals that received the CNA diet had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (18:2 cis-9, trans-11) and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and showed higher unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratios than those of animals fed with SIL diet; respectively 0.73 and 0.34%; 8.12 and 6.31%; 0.93 and 0.86; 0.16 and 0.11. The fatty acids composition in meat from beef cattle can be improved with the utilization of sugar cane and sunflower grains in the finishing diet.

Avaliação econômica e desempenho de machos e fêmeas Canchim em confinamento alimentados com dietas à base de silagem de milho e concentrado ou cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of diets with corn silage or with sugar cane + sunflower seed and influence of sexual categories of fedlot young cattle on the performance and economic results of this production system. Thirty animals of Canchim breed (10 young bulls, 10 castrated males and 10 females) averagfing 15 months old and 289 kg BW were housed in individual stalls, for 105 days and weighted in the beginning of the experiment and every 35 days. At the end of the feedlot, all the animals were slaughtered in commercial frigorific and measures of carcass characteristics were made. Young bulls showed higher nutrient intakes as compared to females, in absolute values and in relation LW values. The castrated males presented intermediary values, not differing from young bulls and females. Young bulls presented higher daily weight gain and muscular development, represented by the largest rib eye area. They were also more efficient as for feed conversion and carcass yield. No effect was observed for diets on the ingestion of nutrients, except for EE, that was higher for the diet with sugarcane + sunflower seed, with more of this nutrient. Diets also did not influence performance of the animals. Diet with corn silage showed more economically viable to raised young cattle in fed lot finishing. Young bulls were the animals more adequate for the exploration of young cattle in feedlot, independently of diet.

Composição em ácidos graxos e qualidade da carne de tourinhos Nelore e Canchim alimentados com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar e dois níveis de concentrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fatty acids composition and the qualitative and chemical characteristics of the loin meat (Longissimus lumborum muscle) of Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were fedlot finished and fed sugar cane-based diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast from sugar and alcohol industry, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (genetic group × concentrate level), and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Differences were not observed in the humidity, protein and ether extract contents of the loin meat. Nellore bulls had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (0.52%), unsaturated fatty acids (46.82%) and higher unsaturated:saturated (1.02), monounsaturated:saturated (0.86) ratios in their loin muscle when compared to Canchim bulls. Canchim bulls presented higher red and yellow color intensity of meat and higher backfat brightness. A significant genetic group × concentrate level interaction was detected for shear force, where Nellore bulls fed with 40% of concentrate had lower values. The results showed that Nellore bulls had better fat acid composition of the loin meat, concerning human health.

Desempenho e características de carcaça de tourinhos Nelore e Canchim terminados em confinamento recebendo dietas com cana-de-açúcar e dois níveis de concentrado

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass traits of young bulls, finished in a feedlot and fed diets with sugarcane (Var. SP 80-1816) and two concentrate levels (40 or 60 % of the DM). Fifteen Nellore bullocks, with approximately 330 kg and 18 months old, and 15 Canchim bullocks (5/8 Charoles ×3/8 Nellore), with approximately 300 kg and 15 months old, were used. The animals were housed in individual pens for a period of 126 days, with the first 21 days of adaptation. The animals were weighed and ultra-sound images were taken at the beginning of the experiment and at every 35 days. A randomized complete design was used in a factorial scheme (2 genetic groups ×2 concentrate levels). There were no significant interactions for any of the evaluated variables. The Canchim animals presented better feed efficiency (0.17 ×0.14) and higher loin eye area gain (19.7 ×13.2 cm2). The 60% concentrate diet improved better daily weight gain (1.44 ×0.98 kg/animal), slaughter weight (499.43 ×460.20 kg), hot carcass weight (265.39 ×244.70 kg) and hindquarter weight (129.74 ×118.68 kg). The Canchim animals presented larger loin eye area (80.89 ×66.85 cm2) and the Nellore animals presented thicker backfat (5.5 ×3.2 mm). Diets with 60% concentrate are better for finishing cattle with high potential for liveweight gain than diets with 40% concentrate.

Avaliação da silagem de grãos de milho úmido com diferentes volumosos para tourinhos em terminação: desempenho e características de carcaça

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos do fornecimento de silagem de graos de milho umido com o milho em grao seco, associados a silagem de milho ou ao bagaco in natura de cana-de-acucar, sobre o desempenho e as caracteristicas da carcaca de bovinos em terminacao. Em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 2 × 2, 28 tourinhos Santa Gertrudes (dez meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 245 kg) foram mantidos em confinamento durante 142 dias. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais e receberam dietas com 12 e 20% da MS em forma de bagaco ou silagem, respectivamente. O milho umido foi moido e ensilado quando se encontrava com 30% de umidade. Nao houve interacao significativa tipo de volumoso x tipo de processamento do milho sobre as variaveis estudadas. O bagaco mostrou-se viavel como fonte exclusiva de fibra, apesar de os resultados de ganho de peso, eficiencia alimentar, peso e rendimento de carcaca e espessura de gordura subcutânea terem sido inferiores aos obtidos com a silagem de milho. O ganho diario de peso nos animais alimentados com o bagaco foi em torno de 1,3 kg, enquanto, com a silagem, foi de 1,5 kg. O consumo de MS nao foi influenciado pelo tipo de volumoso ou pelo processamento do milho. O uso da silagem de graos de milho umido melhorou a eficiencia alimentar em 9,7% e reduziu o peso do figado quando comparado ao milho seco, mas nao alterou as demais caracteristicas avaliadas.

Avaliação de indicadores para estimativa das digestibilidades parciais e total de dietas em bovinos

Avaliaram-se os indicadores fibra detergente acido indigestivel (FDAi) e oxido cromico (Cr2O3) na estimativa das digestililidades parciais e total das fracoes nutritivas da dieta. Foram utilizados quatro tourinhos Santa Gertrudes canulados no rumen e no duodeno, distribuidos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 × 4 (animais ´ periodo) para estimativa da digestibilidade de quatro dietas compostas de feno de capim-marandu e concentrados, ajustadas para proporcionar ganho de peso corporal diario de 0,5 e 1 kg/animal e potencial de fermentacao microbiana de 9,5 e 11 g de PB microbiana/MJ EM fermentavel. Os suplementos foram formulados com mistura mineral, milho, soja e farelos de soja e algodao. Nao houve interacao significativa dietas ´ indicadores. A excecao dos coeficientes de digestibilidade intestinal da MS e da FDN, todos os outros coeficientes de digestibilidade (MS, PB e CT) diferiram significativamente entre os indicadores avaliados. Quando utilizado o indicador FDAi, foram registrados maiores valores de digestibilidade ruminal e total e menores coeficientes de digestibilidade intestinal. A FDAi possibilitou melhor estimativa dos coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das dietas, quando compostas na sua maior parte de volumosos (57 a 70% da MS).

Aporte de energia, composição e eficiência microbiana em bovinos alimentados com feno de capim-marandu e concentrado balanceados para diferentes ganhos de peso e potenciais de fermentação microbiana

The experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate the energy aport, microbial composition and efficiency of Santa Gertrudis young bulls, canulated in the rumen and duodenum, fed diets with palisadegrass hay and concentrates. A 4 x 4 latin square design was used, in which the treatments were composed by the concentrates adjusted for daily body weight gain (BWG) of 0.5 and 1 kg/animal and potential microbial fermentation (y) of 9.5 and 11 g microbial CP/MJ fermentable metabolizable energy. There were differences for the concentrations of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and fermentable metabolizable energy (FMEn) intakes, and for the composition in organic matter and mineral of ruminal bacteria for diets adjusted for different BWG. There was significant BWG x y interaction for TDN intake as percentage of body weight and in the CP and total carbohydrates composition of the ruminal bacteria. There were no differences for the potential microbial fermentation. The efficiency of microbial synthesis also did not differ among diets and showed values of 12.7 g microbial CP/100 g TDN and 9.2 g microbial CP/MJ FMEn. The observed differences did not justify the balancing of the concentrates for the different potential microbial fermentation evaluated.

Exigências líquidas de energia e proteína de tourinhos Santa Gertrudes confinados, recebendo alto concentrado

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements for gain of Santa Gertrudis young bulls. Thirty-three 12-month-year-old animals, with initial body weight of 314.6±33.2kg, were kept in individual pens during 115 days, after 56 days of adaptation. Six animals were slaughtered after adaptation and determined the chemical composition of initial body. The concentrate proportion in the diet was 80%, on dry matter basis, and the levels of LPB studied were: 0, 4.5 or 9.0%. It was verified that the net energy requirement observed for weight gain of 1kg was 3.93, 4.88 and 5.76Mcal, and the metabolizable protein requirement was 367.81, 393.59 and 391.63g, respectively, for animals with 300, 400 and 500kg of body weight. The estimated maintenance energy requirement observed was 75.6kcal/LW 0.75 /day. The conclusion was that because of the fat content in the gain composition, animals with higher EBW have higher net energy requirements. Keywords: body weight gain, cattle, concentrated lysine production byproduct, maintenance, requirements