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Dive into the research topics where William D. Hintz is active.

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Featured researches published by William D. Hintz.


Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry | 2017

Combined effects of road salt and an insecticide on wetland communities

Aaron B. Stoler; Brent M. Walker; William D. Hintz; Devin K. Jones; Lovisa Lind; Brian M. Mattes; Matthew S. Schuler; Rick A. Relyea

As the numbers of chemical contaminants in freshwater ecosystems increase, it is important to understand whether contaminants interact in ecologically important ways. The present study investigated the independent and interactive effects of 2 contaminants that frequently co-occur in freshwater environments among higher latitudes, including a commonly applied insecticide (carbaryl) and road salt (NaCl). The hypothesis was that the addition of either contaminant would result in a decline in zooplankton, an algal bloom, and the subsequent decline of both periphyton and periphyton consumers. Another hypothesis was that combining the contaminants would result in synergistic effects on community responses. Outdoor mesocosms were used with communities that included phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, amphipods, clams, snails, and tadpoles. Communities were exposed to 4 environmentally relevant concentrations of salt (27 mg Cl- L-1 , 77 mg Cl- L-1 , 277 mg Cl- L-1 , and 727 mg Cl- L-1 ) fully crossed with 4 carbaryl treatments (ethanol, 0 µg L-1 , 5 µg L-1 , and 50 µg L-1 ) over 57 d. Contaminants induced declines in rotifer and cladoceran zooplankton, but only carbaryl induced an algal bloom. Consumers exhibited both positive and negative responses to contaminants, which were likely the result of both indirect community interactions and direct toxicity. In contrast to the hypothesis, no synergistic effects were found, although copepod densities declined when high concentrations of both chemicals were combined. The results suggest that low concentrations of salt and carbaryl are likely to have mostly independent effects on aquatic communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:771-779.


Freshwater Science | 2017

Leaf litter mediates the negative effect of road salt on forested wetland communities

Aaron B. Stoler; William D. Hintz; Devin K. Jones; Lovisa Lind; Brian M. Mattes; Matthew S. Schuler; Rick A. Relyea

Human modification of landscapes has substantially altered the quality and quantity of terrestrial subsidies to freshwater ecosystems. The same modifications frequently lead to addition of chemical contaminants to freshwater environments. Both types of environmental change can alter the abundance of species and can lead to ecological interactions that affect entire communities. We examined how variation of tree litter inputs interacts with inputs of road salt deicers, which are an increasingly common contaminant in northern latitudes. Based on studies of the effects of each factor in isolation, we hypothesized that elevated Cl− levels would reduce copepod densities, increase algal abundance, and subsequently increase salt-tolerant consumer densities and biomass. We also hypothesized that these effects would be most pronounced in the presence of highly soluble leaf litter (e.g., Acer rubrum). We constructed experimental freshwater ponds containing assemblages of phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, Physa acuta snails, and 2 species of tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus and Anaxyrus americanus). We used a fully factorial design, manipulating leaf litter (none, A. rubrum, or Quercus velutina) and Cl− concentration (114, 220, 314, and 867 mg Cl/L). Road salt at the 3 lower concentrations had few significant effects. The highest Cl− concentration reduced copepod densities and increased phytoplankton concentrations, but only in the presence of maple litter. We also observed increased rotifer densities in the highest Cl− concentration, but only in the presence of either litter species. Our results indicate that road salt contamination can have significant effects on wetland community composition at relatively high concentrations, but these effects depend on the chemistry of allochthonous inputs.


Environmental Science & Technology | 2017

Inducible Tolerance to Agrochemicals Was Paved by Evolutionary Responses to Predators

Devin K. Jones; William D. Hintz; Matthew S. Schuler; Erika K. Yates; Brian M. Mattes; Rick A. Relyea

Recent research has reported increased tolerance to agrochemicals in target and nontarget organisms following acute physiological changes induced through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, the most inducible populations are those from more pristine locations, far from agrochemical use. We asked why do populations with no known history of pesticide exposure have the ability to induce adaptive responses to novel agrochemicals? We hypothesized that increased pesticide tolerance results from a generalized stressor response in organisms, and would be induced following sublethal exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to one of seven natural or anthropogenic stressors (predator cue (Anax spp.), 0.5 or 1.0 mg carbaryl/L, road salt (200 or 1000 mg Cl-/L), ethanol-vehicle control, or no-stressor control) and subsequently tested their tolerance to a lethal carbaryl concentration using time-to-death assays. We observed induced carbaryl tolerance in tadpoles exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues. Our results suggest that the ability to induce pesticide tolerance likely arose through evolved antipredator responses. Given that antipredator responses are widespread among species, many animals might possess inducible pesticide tolerance, buffering them from agrochemical exposure.


Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry | 2018

Timing and frequency of sublethal exposure modifies the induction and retention of increased insecticide tolerance in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)

Devin K. Jones; Erika K. Yates; Brian M. Mattes; William D. Hintz; Matthew S. Schuler; Rick A. Relyea

Although the paradigm for increased tolerance to pesticides has been by selection on constitutive (naïve) traits, recent research has shown it can also occur through phenotypic plasticity. However, the time period in which induction can occur, the duration of induced tolerance, and the influence of multiple induction events remain unknown. We hypothesized that the induction of increased pesticide tolerance is limited to early sensitive periods, the magnitude of induced tolerance depends on the number of exposures, and the retention of induced tolerance depends on the time elapsed after an exposure and the number of exposures. To test these hypotheses, we exposed wood frog tadpoles to either a no-carbaryl control (water) or 0.5 mg/L carbaryl at 4 time periods, and later tested their tolerance to carbaryl using time-to-death assays. We discovered that tadpoles induced increased tolerance early and midway but not late in our experiment and their constitutive tolerance increased with age. We found no difference in the magnitude of induced tolerance after a single or 2 exposures. Finally, induced pesticide tolerance was reversed within 6 d but was retained only when tadpoles experienced all 4 consecutive exposures. Phenotypic plasticity provides an immediate response for sensitive amphibian larvae to early pesticide exposures and reduces phenotypic mismatches in aquatic environments contaminated by agrochemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2188-2197.


Ecological Applications | 2017

Salinization triggers a trophic cascade in experimental freshwater communities with varying food‐chain length

William D. Hintz; Brian M. Mattes; Matthew S. Schuler; Devin K. Jones; Aaron B. Stoler; Lovisa Lind; Rick A. Relyea


Environmental Pollution | 2017

Investigation of road salts and biotic stressors on freshwater wetland communities

Devin K. Jones; Brian M. Mattes; William D. Hintz; Matthew S. Schuler; Aaron B. Stoler; Lovisa Lind; Reilly O. Cooper; Rick A. Relyea


Environmental Pollution | 2017

Rapid evolution of tolerance to road salt in zooplankton

Kayla D. Coldsnow; Brian M. Mattes; William D. Hintz; Rick A. Relyea


Environmental Pollution | 2017

Impacts of road deicing salts on the early-life growth and development of a stream salmonid: Salt type matters

William D. Hintz; Rick A. Relyea


Journal of Applied Ecology | 2017

How common road salts and organic additives alter freshwater food webs: in search of safer alternatives

Matthew S. Schuler; William D. Hintz; Devin K. Jones; Lovisa Lind; Brian M. Mattes; Aaron B. Stoler; Kelsey Sudol; Rick A. Relyea


River Research and Applications | 2017

Do Alluvial Sand Dunes Create Energetic Refugia for Benthic Fishes? An Experimental Test with the Endangered Pallid Sturgeon

Anthony P. Porreca; William D. Hintz; James E. Garvey

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Rick A. Relyea

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Brian M. Mattes

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Devin K. Jones

University of Pittsburgh

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Matthew S. Schuler

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Aaron B. Stoler

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Lovisa Lind

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Anthony P. Porreca

Southern Illinois University Carbondale

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James E. Garvey

Southern Illinois University Carbondale

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Erika K. Yates

University of Pittsburgh

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Allison M. Asher

Southern Illinois University Carbondale

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