William F. Melick

CARCINOGENESIS IN THE HUMAN URINARY BLADDER: OBSERVATIONS AFTER EXPOSURE TO PARA-AMINODIPHENYL.

EXPOSURE of industrial workers to potent urinary-bladder carcinogens is a quasi-experimental situation that offers a unique opportunity to study the natural history of human cancer. Crabbe and his co-workers1 , 2 adopted periodic cytologic examinations of the urinary sediment as the principal means of follow-up study of these unfortunate people. They demonstrated the reliability and practical value of this technic in the diagnosis of early bladder cancer. Since 1957 we have been studying the cellular makeup of the urinary sediment of a large group of workers exposed to para-aminodiphenyl (xenylamine). This substance was identified as a urinary-bladder carcinogen in dogs by Walpole, .xa0.xa0.

A Potential Hazard of Barium Cystoqraphy

CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY with visualization of the urethra during micturition is frequently hampered by the irritative effect of the contrast medium upon the urethra. Small children, particularly, often refuse to void. Bartley and Helander (l) believe Dionosil is less irritating than Urokon.3 Doyle (2) and Hallgren et al. (3) have employed barium sulfate without complication. Their results prompted us to explore the use of barium sulfate as a contrast agent in children in an effort to secure more normal urethrograms. We wish to report a disturbing complication following reflux into the renal cortex and the subsequent appearance of barium casts in the urine. Methods In Children: Micropaque barium (<50 μ, particles) was utilized after its introduction into the obstructed renal pelvis of a pig failed to result in stone formation. The Micropaque was injected into the bladder as a sterile solution of 150 ml of medium in one liter of physiological saline. One hundred children with urinary tract symptoms were studied...

Intermittent catheterization in children

Many children with myelodysplasia are ideal candidates for intermittent nonsterile urethral catheterization to manage urinary incontinence. This method of urinary management becomes no permanent commitment and is preferred by patients and parents to supravesical diversion when successful.