Wilson Suzigan

Política industrial e desenvolvimento

Este artigo examina alguns enfoques teoricos de suporte a politicaindustrial, com enfase na perspectiva neoschumpeteriano/evolucionario.Aplica esta perspectiva para analisar algumas experiencias bem sucedidasde politica industrial e desenvolvimento economico no Brasil ate fins dosanos 1970, bem como as tentativas fracassadas de implementar taispoliticas a partir dos anos 1980. Por ultimo avalia a politica industrial dogoverno 2003-2006, e argumenta que, apesar de alguns aspectos positivos-foco na inovacao, metas claramente definidas e uma nova organizacaoinstitucional-, essa politica apresenta fraquezas, como a incompatibilidadecom a politica macroeconomica, inconsistencias entre instrumentoseconomicos, deficiencias em infraestrutura e no sistema de ciencia,tecnologia e inovacao, e falta de coordenacao e decisao politica.

The underestimated role of universities for the Brazilian system of innovation

Conventional wisdom usually underestimates the important role of public research institutes and universities in successful cases of Brazilian economy. History of science and technology institutions shows a long-term process of formation of these institutions and their interactions with industrial firms, agricultural producers or society. This paper investigates historical roots of successful cases of Brazil. First, we present the late onset of National Innovation System (NSI) institutions and waves of institutional formation in Brazil. Second, we describe the history of three selected successful cases, which spans from a low-tech sector (agriculture), a medium-tech sector (steel and special metal alloys), to a high-tech sector (aircraft). These findings present new challenges for present-day developmental policies.

Estruturas de governança em arranjos ou sistemas locais de produção

The aim of this paper is to discuss the issue of governance in local production systems. First, a set of factors that condition the existence and the structure of governance are developed, and then the main analytical approaches are summarized. On the basis of these analytical approaches, and taking into account the factors that influence governance, the paper presents two illustrative cases as examples of success and failure in the establishment of governance structures in local production systems. It concludes that governance structures in local production systems are effectively conditioned, in each case, by specific characteristics such as: production structure, kind of product and its technological base, form of production organization, form of market insertion, existence of lead firms and active local institutions, and the social, cultural and political context. The overall conclusion is that local private and public governance structures are superior and that public policies can play a relevant role in the development of local production systems.

A INDÚSTRIA DE CALÇADOS DE NOVA SERRANA (MG)

On the basis of previous statistical work with data and information from RAIS - Relacao Anual de Informacoes Sociais, characterizing the Nova Serrana shoe industry as a local production system, and the results of a field research work with visits and interviews in local firms and institutions, this paper studies the Nova Serrana local production system as a whole as well as its firms and supporting institutions. The objective is to bring empirical evidence to guide public policy and private actions with a view to upgrade the local system in two spheres: (1) productive and technological, and (2) institutional and organizational. With this purpose in mind, this paper first characterizes and describes the local system in terms of location, adjoining influenced areas, logistics, population and number of jobs, history and evolution, production structure, supporting institutions, and social, cultural and political contexts. Next, the paper characterizes local firms in terms of size, product development, trading system, cooperation between rival firms, interactions with suppliers, sources of information for product development and on market trends and production technologies, practices and policies with regard to quality, financing, and other aspects. Finally, the paper summarizes the most relevant issues for policy measures and private actions by local firms and institutions.

Inovação e conhecimento: indicadores regionalizados e aplicação a São Paulo

This paper develops multiple indicators to map the geographical distribution of knowledge and scientific and technological capabilities as proxies of the geographical distribution of S,T&I activities, and applies such indicators to data and information from the state of Sao Paulo. The overall view of the geographical distribution of S,T&I activities in the state is complemented by the analysis of the same activities in the perspective of a local production and innovation system: the case of information and communication technologies in the microrregion of Campinas. The results show a pattern for the regional distributions of S,T&I activities along the main highways of the state, around metropolitan areas such as Sao Paulo and Campinas, and in regions where educational, science and technology and R&D institutions are strongly concentrated. Firms tend to agglomerate in these areas and regions, forming local production and innovation systems. The paper produces evidence on the adherence of the geographical distribution of those systems to the geographical distribution of S,T&I activities as shown by the indicators. This confirms the empirical findings of the literature about the relationship between geography and innovation.

The contribution of universities and research institutes to Brazilian innovation system

This paper aims to investigate interactions among universities, research institutes and firms in the innovation system. The study is based on a primary survey of 1005 research group leaders from universities and research institutes who declared that they interact with firms. Three issues from the questionnaire were explored: the types of interactions, the channels of information and the outcomes of the interactions. A logit model was estimated to analyse the interactive behaviour. The study observed that R&D (research and development), short-term collaborative projects and consulting, which constitute the types of interaction, and publications, that constitute the channels of information, have important influence on the new research projects, which are results of the interactions.

LOCALIZAÇÃO, INOVAÇÃO E AGLOMERAÇÃO o papel das instituições de apoio às empresas no Estado de São Paulo

Este artigo estuda a relacao entre a distribuicao geografica da rede de instituicoes de apoio as empresas e a formacao de sistemas localizados de producao e inovacao no Estado de Sao Paulo. Para isso, discute a relacao entre geografia e inovacao, apresenta um levantamento quantitativo das instituicoes e analisa tres casos que ilustram o papel das instituicoes de apoio a atividades inovativas de empresas em sistemas localizados de producao e inovacao.

Padrões Setoriais de Inovação da Indústria de Transformação Brasileira

This paper investigates sectoral patterns of innovation in the Brazilian manufacturing industry under the Neo-Schumpeterian Evolutionary approach. The database used is the Brazilian Survey of Technological Innovation (PINTEC) for 2006-2008. Two hypotheses guide the paper. The first suggests that the competitive reality shapes the competitive strategy of firms and, consequently, their routine search pattern. The second assumes that there is a convergence between the innovative behavior of the domestic industry and the taxonomy proposed by Keith Pavitt. The results support the two hypotheses. However, the paper also points out that sectors that combine low-tech and high share of exports in revenue have low adherence to their respective Pavittians types.

Competitividade sistêmica – a contribuição de Fernando Fajnzylber

Resumo Procura-se neste trabalho resgatar, no pensamento econômico de Fernando Fajnzylber, a idéia de competitividade sistêmica, presente em sua obra desde os anos 1980 e que teve ampla aplicação em estudos e em políticas públicas na área de indústria no Brasil nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Após um breve resumo da biografia e da obra de Fajnzylber, o texto examina os trabalhos do autor que deram origem e consistência ao atual conceito de competitividade sistêmica, discute a disseminação desse conceito em documentos oficiais da CEPAL e em estudos de economia industrial aplicada, bem como em propostas de política industrial e em políticas efetivamente implementadas para a indústria no Brasil.

Local and Global Linkages of Small and Medium Enterprises in Local Production Systems in Brazil

The object of this chapter is to analyse the forms taken in Brazil by interfirm linkages in local production systems. These are typically non-integrated production systems comprising large numbers of firms, many of which are small and medium enterprises (SMEs). They interact frequently and tend to develop a variety of linkages, as well as having agents who coordinate interfirm relations as a complement to market mechanisms.