Winardi Dwi Nugraha

Energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions of crude palm oil production system in Indonesia (Case study: Mill P, PT X, Sumatera Island)

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The total exported crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivatives in 2015 reached about 26.40 million tons or increase at 21% compared to the previous year (2014). However, the further expansion of the CPO production system could potentially have environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to analyze the energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions at mill P, PT X located in Sumatera Island. System analysis approaches was applied to this study and the assessment was focused on a CPO production system in PT XYZ located on the Sumatera Island. The system boundary was determined based on the field study. The data collection consisted of all the input and output energy which involving all input materials (including fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, water, etc.) and energy consumption (consumption of diesel, electricity, etc.) starting from plantation activities (at the oil palm plantation) to the conversion process (at the palm oil mill)....

Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes): The Effect of F/M Ratio

Distribution of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), generally considered as a water weed, that has been a problem which can harm the environment, irrigation system, and agriculture. However water hyacinth can be used in biogas production because it has large enough amount of hemicellulose contents. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of F/M ratio to biogas production from water hyacinth waste with Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (LAD) method. A series of laboratory experiments using biodigester were performed in batch anaerobic operation at room temperature. F/M ratio that used in each reactor was 39.76, 20.03, 13.32, and 10.01. Degradation process was done in 60 days. The result showed that F/M ratio effects to the biogas production. The best performance of biogas production from this research will be obtained if F/M ratio is in the range of 10.01-20.03 (correspond to 25%-50% of rumen fluid) with water hyacinth as the main substrate.