Xiao-Yuan Wu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Featured researches published by Xiao-Yuan Wu.
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology | 2012
Xiao-Yuan Wu; Benke Kuai; Ji-Zeng Jia; Hai-Chun Jing
Leaf senescence can impact crop production by either changing photosynthesis duration, or by modifying the nutrient remobilization efficiency and harvest index. The doubling of the grain yield in major cereals in the last 50 years was primarily achieved through the extension of photosynthesis duration and the increase in crop biomass partitioning, two things that are intrinsically coupled with leaf senescence. In this review, we consider the functionality of a leaf as a function of leaf age, and divide a leafs life into three phases: the functionality increasing phase at the early growth stage, the full functionality phase, and the senescence and functionality decreasing phase. A genetic framework is proposed to describe gene actions at various checkpoints to regulate leaf development and senescence. Four categories of genes contribute to crop production: those which regulate (I) the speed and transition of early leaf growth, (II) photosynthesis rate, (III) the onset and (IV) the progression of leaf senescence. Current advances in isolating and characterizing senescence regulatory genes are discussed in the leaf aging and crop production context. We argue that the breeding of crops with leaf senescence ideotypes should be an essential part of further crop genetic improvement.
Journal of Animal Science | 2012
Xiao-Yuan Wu; Y. Zhang; Zhong-Liu Liu; T. J. Li; Yulong Yin
To evaluate the effects of glutamate (Glu) or combination of Glu and N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on intestinal mucosa morphology and epithelium cell proliferation, 18 piglets weaned at 21 d (BW 5.56 ± 0.51 kg) were grouped into 3 treatments and fed one of the following diets for 20 d: a standard diet (SD), SD+Glu(1%), or SD+Glu(1%)+NCG(0.05%). All the piglets were killed for intestinal mucosa collection, and real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and β-catenin. The results showed that compared with the control group, adding Glu or Glu+NCG to the diet resulted in a higher villus height and mucosal thickness (P < 0.05) in the jejunum. However, the villus height/crypt depth ratio was unaltered. The RT-PCR results showed that Glu+NCG significantly increased PCNA mRNA abundance in both jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), while they also significantly increased β-catenin and VEGF mRNA abundance in ileum (P < 0.05). Only Glu increased PCNA mRNA abundance in the jejunum (P < 0.05) and β-catenin mRNA in the jejunum (P < 0.05). These results indicated that oral supply of Glu improved intestinal mucosa morphology, and combined Glu and NCG may have favorable effects on intestinal epithelium cell proliferation than Glu alone.
Plant Molecular Biology | 2016
Xiao-Yuan Wu; Wei-Juan Hu; Hong Luo; Yan Xia; Yi Zhao; Li-Dong Wang; Limin Zhang; Jingchu Luo; Hai-Chun Jing
Key messageThis piece of the submission is being sent via mail.AbstractLeaf senescence is essential for the nutrient economy of crops and is executed by so-called senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Here we explored the monocot C4 model crop Sorghum bicolor for a holistic picture of SAG profiles by RNA-seq. Leaf samples were collected at four stages during developmental senescence, and in total, 3396 SAGs were identified, predominantly enriched in GO categories of metabolic processes and catalytic activities. These genes were enriched in 13 KEGG pathways, wherein flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were overrepresented. Seven regions on Chromosomes 1, 4, 5 and 7 contained SAG ‘hotspots’ of duplicated genes or members of cupin superfamily involved in manganese ion binding and nutrient reservoir activity. Forty-eight expression clusters were identified, and the candidate orthologues of the known important senescence transcription factors such as ORE1, EIN3 and WRKY53 showed “SAG” expression patterns, implicating their possible roles in regulating sorghum leaf senescence. Comparison of developmental senescence with salt- and dark- induced senescence allowed for the identification of 507 common SAGs, 1996 developmental specific SAGs as well as 176 potential markers for monitoring senescence in sorghum. Taken together, these data provide valuable resources for comparative genomics analyses of leaf senescence and potential targets for the manipulation of genetic improvement of Sorghum bicolor.
Biotechnology for Biofuels | 2016
Hong Luo; Wenming Zhao; Yanqing Wang; Yan Xia; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Limin Zhang; Bixia Tang; Lu Fang; Zhenglin Du; Wubishet A. Bekele; Shuaishuai Tai; David Jordan; I. D. Godwin; Rod J. Snowdon; Emma S. Mace; Jingchu Luo; Hai-Chun Jing
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0415-8.].
The Plant Cell | 2018
Limin Zhang; Chuan-Yuan Leng; Hong Luo; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Zhi-Quan Liu; Yu-Miao Zhang; Hong Zhang; Yan Xia; Li Shang; Chun-Ming Liu; Dongyun Hao; Yihua Zhou; Chengcai Chu; Hongwei Cai; Hai-Chun Jing
The sorghum Dry gene encodes a plant-specific NAC transcription factor important for the origin of sweet sorghum and provides a possible molecular tool for controlling stem texture in crops. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most popular crop worldwide and a C4 model plant. Domesticated sorghum comes in many forms, including sweet cultivars with juicy stems and grain sorghum with dry, pithy stems at maturity. The Dry locus, which controls the pithy/juicy stem trait, was discovered over a century ago. Here, we found that Dry gene encodes a plant-specific NAC transcription factor. Dry was either deleted or acquired loss-of-function mutations in sweet sorghum, resulting in cell collapse and altered secondary cell wall composition in the stem. Twenty-three Dry ancestral haplotypes, all with dry, pithy stems, were found among wild sorghum and wild sorghum relatives. Two of the haplotypes were detected in domesticated landraces, with four additional dry haplotypes with juicy stems detected in improved lines. These results imply that selection for Dry gene mutations was a major step leading to the origin of sweet sorghum. The Dry gene is conserved in major cereals; fine-tuning its regulatory network could provide a molecular tool to control crop stem texture.
Methods of Molecular Biology | 2018
Liming Zhao; Yan Xia; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Jos H. M. Schippers; Hai-Chun Jing
The process of leaf senescence consists of the final stage of leaf development. It has evolved as a mechanism to degrade macromolecules and micronutrients and remobilize them to other developing parts of the plant; hence it plays a central role for the survival of plants and crop production. During senescence, a range of physiological, morphological, cellular, and molecular events occur, which are generally referred to as the senescence syndrome that includes several hallmarks such as visible yellowing, loss of chlorophyll and water content, increase of ion leakage and cell death, deformation of chloroplast and cell structure, as well as the upregulation of thousands of so-called senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes (PAGs). This chapter is devoted to methods characterizing the onset and progression of leaf senescence at the morphological, physiological, cellular, and molecular levels. Leaf senescence normally progresses in an age-dependent manner but is also induced prematurely by a variety of environmental stresses in plants. Focused on the hallmarks of the senescence syndrome, a series of protocols is described to asses quantitatively the senescence process caused by developmental cues or environmental perturbations. We first briefly describe the senescence process, the events associated with the senescence syndrome, and the theories and methods to phenotype senescence. Detailed protocols for monitoring senescence in planta and in vitro, using the whole plant and the detached leaf, respectively, are presented. For convenience, most of the protocols use the model plant species Arabidopsis and rice, but they can be easily extended to other plants.
Chinese Science Bulletin | 2018
Hai-Chun Jing; Zhi-Quan Liu; Limin Zhang; Xiao-Yuan Wu
Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the world’s fifth major crop and a C4 model plant. Sweet sorghum is a variant of grain sorghum with implications in biofuel industry and stress biology because of it remarkable traits including high biomass production, high concentration of soluble sugars in its juicy stem, and strong abiotic tolerance. In recent years, there is a new demand to develop sweet sorghum into a forage crop, which requires the tailor-made modification of its major biological characteristics. Compared to silage maize, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and more efficient in utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize on marginal lands which are not optimal for food production. These traits collectively make sweet sorghum more attractive than silage maize with huge potential as a forage crop. Yet, due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, the development of new varieties adapting to various phenological requirements is restricted, and the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for forage production is limited. Here we summarize the current status of forage sweet sorghum breeding in China. A suit of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity, leaf senescence and accumulation of juice and sugar as well as drought and salt tolerance are identified, and recent progression in dissecting their genetic basis reviewed. It is suggested that newly developed cutting-edge technologies such as genome editing and whole-genome selection are needed to harness the genetic improvement of sweet sorghum. Feeding experiments with improved varieties showed that sweet sorghum is an important component of the livestock diet for increasing the palatability and nutrient conversion efficiency. The production-scale demonstration project, forming a production pipeline from sweet sorghum hybrid production, cultivation, distillation and feeding of livestock and cycle of manures, showed that forage sweet sorghum based bio-industry sets a model for circular economy in rural areas. Future forage sweet sorghum breeding and approaches to develop its bio-industry are discussed.
Chinese Science Bulletin | 1996
Xiuqiang Li; Jian-Kang Zhu; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Chen-Yu Zhang; Chao Tong; Yuanchao Wang
In the ores of low-grade platinum deposits, the platinum concentration is very low(average Pt content <1 μg. g~(-1)), and the platinum minerals often occur as micron grains,thus making it difficult to study the platinum distribution oniy by routine tools, such aselectron microprobes or optic microscopes. As a result, the research and exploitation ofthese deposits in our country is hampered by the lack of more powerful tools.
Biotechnology for Biofuels | 2016
Hong Luo; Wenming Zhao; Yanqing Wang; Yan Xia; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Limin Zhang; Bixia Tang; Lu Fang; Zhenglin Du; Wubishet A. Bekele; Shuaishuai Tai; David Jordan; I. D. Godwin; Rod J. Snowdon; Emma S. Mace; Jingchu Luo; Hai-Chun Jing
Journal of Animal Science | 2016
Bo Li; H. Zhou; Xiao-Yuan Wu; Zhigang Chen; Jiannian Yao; Y. Yin