Y. V. Stadnik

Enhanced effects of variation of the fundamental constants in laser interferometers and application to dark matter detection

We outline laser interferometer measurements to search for variation of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant

Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules, and nuclei: Concepts and calculations for laboratory searches and extracting limits

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Searching for dark matter and variation of fundamental constants with laser and maser interferometry

and particle masses (including a nonzero photon mass). We propose a strontium optical lattice clock---silicon single-crystal cavity interferometer as a small-scale platform for these measurements. Our proposed laser interferometer measurements, which may also be performed with large-scale gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, GEO600, or TAMA300, may be implemented as an extremely precise tool in the direct detection of scalar dark matter that forms an oscillating classical field or topological defects.

Limiting P-odd interactions of cosmic fields with electrons, protons and neutrons

We propose methods and present calculations that can be used to search for evidence of cosmic fields by investigating the parity-violating effects, including parity nonconservation amplitudes and electric dipole moments, that they induce in atoms. The results are used to constrain important fundamental parameters describing the strength of the interaction of various cosmic fields with electrons, protons, and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by standard-model extensions. Calculations of the effects induced by pseudoscalar and pseudovector fields are performed for H, Li, Na, K, Cu, Rb, Ag, Cs, Ba, Ba+, Dy, Yb, Au, Tl, Fr, and Ra+. Existing parity nonconservation experiments in Cs, Dy, Yb, and Tl are combined with these calculations to directly place limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component, b(0), of a static pseudovector cosmic field and the atomic electrons, with the most stringent limit of vertical bar b(0)(e)vertical bar < 7 x 10(-15) GeV, in the laboratory frame of reference, coming from Dy. From a measurement of the nuclear anapole moment of Cs, and a limit on its value for Tl, we also extract limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component of this cosmic field, as well as a related tensor cosmic-field component d(00), with protons and neutrons. The most stringent limits of vertical bar b(0)(p)vertical bar < 4 x 10(-8) GeV and vertical bar d(00)(p)vertical bar < 5 x 10(-8) for protons and vertical bar b(0)(n)vertical bar < 2 x 10(-7) GeV and vertical bar d(00)(n)vertical bar < 2 x 10(-7) for neutrons (in the laboratory frame) come from the results using Cs. Axions may induce oscillating parity-and time reversal-violating effects in atoms and molecules through the generation of oscillating nuclear magnetic quadrupole and Schiff moments, which arise from P- and T-odd intranuclear forces and from the electric dipole moments of constituent nucleons. Nuclear spin-independent parity nonconservation effects may be enhanced in diatomic molecules possessing close pairs of opposite-parity levels in the presence of time-dependent interactions.

Improved limits on interactions of low-mass spin-0 dark matter from atomic clock spectroscopy

Any slight variations in the fundamental constants of nature, which may be induced by dark matter or some yet-to-be-discovered cosmic field, would characteristically alter the phase of a light beam inside an interferometer, which can be measured extremely precisely. Laser and maser interferometry may be applied to searches for the linear-in-time drift of the fundamental constants, detection of topological defect dark matter through transient-in-time effects, and for a relic, coherently oscillating condensate, which consists of scalar dark matter fields, through oscillating effects. Our proposed experiments require either minor or no modifications of existing apparatus, and offer extensive reach into important and unconstrained spaces of physical parameters.

New atomic probes for dark matter detection: Axions, axion-like particles and topological defects

We propose methods for extracting limits on the strength of P-odd interactions of pseudoscalar and pseudovector cosmic fields with electrons, protons, and neutrons, by exploiting the static and dynamic parity-nonconserving amplitudes and electric dipole moments they induce in atoms. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by Lorentz-violating standard model extensions. Atomic calculations are performed for H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ba(+), Tl, Dy, Fr, and Ra(+). From these calculations and existing measurements in Dy, Cs, and Tl, we constrain the interaction strengths of the parity-violating static pseudovector cosmic field to be 7 × 10(-15) GeV with an electron, and 3 × 10(-8) GeV with a proton.

Dark matter scattering on electrons: Accurate calculations of atomic excitations and implications for the DAMA signal

Low-mass (sub-eV) spin-0 dark matter particles, which form a coherently oscillating classical field

Search for the effect of massive bodies on atomic spectra and constraints on Yukawa-type interactions of scalar particles

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Constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions between matter and antimatter from antiprotonic helium spectroscopy

, can induce oscillating variations in the fundamental constants through their interactions with the Standard Model sector. We calculate the effects of such possible interactions, which may include the linear interaction of

Tests of CPT and Lorentz symmetry from muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment

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