Yasuhiro Shinozaki

New Types of Glycolipids from the Surface Lipids of Nicotiana umbratica

The surface lipids of Nicotiana umbratica contained several varieties of glycolipids. Three types of glucose esters and five types of sucrose esters were isolated and identified from this species. These glycolipids contained short-chain fatty acids such as acetic, methylpropionic, methylbutyric, 3-methylpentanoic, 4-methylpentanoic and methylhexanoic acids. The acetylated positions of each compound were determined by 2-D NMR, using the HMBC technique. The structures of the glucose esters were 1,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose (I), 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose (II) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha, beta-D-glucopyranose (III). The structures of the sucrose esters were 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3-di-O-acetyl-beta- D- fructofuranoside (IV), 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-fructofur anoside (V), 6-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-acetyl-beta-D- fructofuranoside (VI), 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-acetyl-beta-D-fructofuranosi de 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-acetyl-beta-D-fructofuranosi de (VII) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside (VIII). Among them, I, IV, V and VI were isolated for the first time from plants of the family Solanaceae. These newly isolated glycolipids were inhibitory against barnyardgrass growth.

Sucrose esters from the surface lipids of Petunia hybrida

Abstract Three sucrose ester types were isolated and identified from the leaf surface lipids of Petunia hybrida. They contained both unbranched and branched fatty acids (from C2 to C8). Further, one of these sucrose esters contained malonic acids. The structures of the sucrose esters were 2,3,4-O- tri-acyl -α- d -glucopyranosyl -1-O- malonyl -4-O- acyl -6-O- acetyl -β- d -fructofuranoside , 2,3,4-O- tri-acyl -α- d -glucopyranosyl -4-O- acyl -6-O- acetyl -β- d -fructofuranoside and 2,3,4,6-O- tetra-acyl -α- d -glucopyranosyl -β- d -fructofuranoside .

Production of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum and their resistance to aphids

Abstract In order to introduce aphid resistance into tobacco, somatic hybrids between tobacco and aphid resistant Nicotiana benthamiana were produced. The hybrids which were proved to be true hybrids on the basis of electrophoretic analysis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed significant resistance to aphids. In the leaf surface lipids of the hybrids, lipids specific to N. benthamiana were detected with those specific to tobacco. Five out of 22 of the hybrids were fertile in self-pollination.

Isolation and Characterization of Tetra- and Triacylglucose from the Surface Lipids of Nicotiana miersii

Isolation and characterization of homologous glucolipids with tetra- or triacyclglucose structures from the surface lipids of N. miersii and their plant growth inhibitory activity