Yasunori Kozuki

A Human Damage Prediction Method for Tsunami Disasters Incorporating Evacuation Activities

This study presents a tsunami human damage prediction method employing numerical calculation and GIS (Geographical Information System) for Usa town, Tosa City, Shikoku Island, Japan. Sometime near the end of the first half of the twenty-first century, a huge earthquake is predicted to occur along the Nankai trough and costal areas facing the Pacific ocean of Shikoku Island. Much damage due to the resultant tsunamis will be caused, therefore, it is necessary to predict the extent of human damage for every town in high-risk areas.The number of tsunami victims was estimated by population in areas of maximum inundation. The number of deaths as a result of tsunami was estimated by a method which employed accumulated death toll of every area in terms of time and space, taking into account consideration of time necessary to begin to seek refuge after an earthquake, tsunami inundation depth on land, flow velocity and evacuation speed. As a result of this study a rapid decrease in death toll by early evacuation was shown quantitatively for the first time.Thus, with the method presented here, it is possible to estimate the extent of tsunami human damage on coastal regions, and may be useful as a tsunami human damage countermeasure.

Nutrients adsorption from seawater by new porous carrier made from zeolitized fly ash and slag.

This study investigated the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate by blast furnace slag (BFS) separately. In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFS, BFS was treated before its use by acid. The authors aim to develop a new porous carrier to adsorb simultaneously ammonium and phosphate from seawater under eutrophic conditions. The current paper deals with a promising new approach to improve the utilization of some industrial solid wastes such as BFS and zeolite synthesized from fly ash [ZFA(Fe)] by their solidification to cylindrical porous carriers using a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method. Attempts to produce porous carriers using an arranged HHP method with different porosities (24%, 40% and 52% (v/v)) were carried out. Physical properties of carriers such as porosity, compressive strength and height have been investigated. Laboratory studies showed strong evidence that the porous carrier was very selective towards phosphate and ammonium. The results demonstrated the role of porosity in enhancing phosphate and ammonium adsorption by the increase of the surface area per weight. The estimates of the parameters and the correlation coefficients according to the Freundlich equations revealed that adsorption was related to the porosity of carriers and phosphate and ammonium were adsorbed well on the carriers having large porosity. The results suggested that developing carrier with high porosity was a promising way to enhance nutrients adsorption.

Relationship between macrobenthos and physical habitat characters in tidal flat in eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan.

The investigations were carried out at 6 tidal flats located on the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. This study was focused on physical characteristics of sediments, namely as particle size of sediment and difference in elevation, and generalizes the relationship between sediments and macrobenthos. A total of 192 species were collected at 187 stations at 6 tidal flats. Physical characteristics of sediment were classified into 9 groups by cluster analysis in relation to sediment particle size and difference in elevation. Those groups had also significant difference in physical characteristics of sediments, and were characterized by some specific macrobenthos species. Distribution of macrobenthos can be explained by the classification of physical characteristics of sediment. These findings show the possibility to predict the variety of macrobenthos community using the physical characteristics of sediment.

Game-based evacuation drill using real world edutainment

Purpose – Traditional evacuation drill is monotonous. Therefore, evacuation drill should be diversified to get more people interested in disaster prevention. Our idea is game-based evacuation drill using real world edutainment (RWE). This paper aims at clarifying how RWE-based evacuation drill is realized. Design/methodology/approach – RWE provides experiential learning as the integration of edutainment and the real world. An RWE system works on a tablet PC and presents digital contents associated with learning scenes (e.g. real world locations) according to a branched storyline. Findings – Story (branched storyline), indirect/direct competition, and augmented reality content provide multi-ending and flexible instructional support and are helpful for diversifying evacuation drill. Research limitations/implications – RWE-based evacuation drill could be accepted by more people, but a branched storyline should be carefully refined to achieve maximum effect. Social implications – RWE-based evacuation drill co...

Game-Based Evacuation Drill Inside Google Street View

Evacuation drills should be conducted repeatedly in various conditions. Therefore, we have implemented game-based evacuation drill inside Google Street View (GSV) to realize evacuation drills in GSV with high situational (evacuation scenario) and visual realities (digital materials). In the evacuation drill, people can (1) participate easily and safely in evacuation drills regardless of time, place, weather, and their conditions, (2) participate in various evacuation drills for their local regions and other places, and (3) repeat the same evacuation drills with routes or behaviors that differ from their previous drills. We experimentally found that this type of evacuation drill has strong potential as a new evacuation drill.

THE MONITORING METHOD USING UAV OF THE HABITAT FOR AN ENDANGERED TIGER BEETLE IN A CREATED SANDY SHORE

徳島県沖洲海浜(図-1)では,希少種ルイスハンミョ ウ(Cicindela lewisi ;写真-1)の生息地埋め立ての代償と して人工海浜が2007年に造成され,生息環境の保全が 進められている.しかし,2016年以降ルイスハンミョウ の幼虫は確認されておらず,生息環境条件の再検討や 海浜の再整備が急務となっている.本種は春から夏にか けて産卵し,半年から1年間幼虫として土壌に巣孔を作っ て生活する.生息する土壌深度は成長に伴い変化するた め,それぞれの時期における地形変動を把握することが 本種の保護や生息環境の保全を進めるうえで重要である. 特に,産卵時期である7月~8月は台風襲来期と重なるた め,月に数回の測量が必要となる.しかし現行の RTK-GPS(VRS方式;以降「VRS」)方式による測量では1 回の測量に3日間の時間を要し,高頻度での測量が難しい. 近年,無人航空機(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle;以降「UAV」 と称する)を使い,低コストで行える地形測量技術が開 発されつつある. そこで本研究では,現行の方法より簡便なルイスハン 図-1 沖洲人工海浜の位置図

Penumbral tourism: Place-based disaster education via real-world disaster simulation

Disaster education should be diversified using information and communication technology (ICT). To this end, we developed game-based evacuation drills (GBED) as ICT-based disaster education (ICTDE) programs. In the GBEDs, a participant occasionally views digital materials on a portable device, e.g. tablet computers and smart glasses. These digital materials correspond to places, i.e. the current location, and represent possible disaster situations (virtual disaster damage) at these locations. In this paper, we propose penumbral tourism (PT), which integrates GBEDs and dark tourism as place-based disaster education. In PT, a time-rich GBED is considered to be a well-designed short tour aimed at encouraging participants to think about ways to evacuate both familiar and unfamiliar locations.

DIN Fixation by Macroalgae and Release from Sediment by the Burrowing Macrophthalmus japonicus

(1)底質の栄養塩の溶出量および同化量 調査は徳島県勝浦川河口干潟(図-1)の泥質域(約 5000m)において2007年3月から12月に行った.本調査 域はヨシ原に囲まれており,波浪は数 cm程度,潮流は 小さい地点であった.また,当調査域の底質環境につい てシルト・クレイ率は約40%,含水率は約28%,D.L.は0.90mであった.試料はコアサンプラー(Φ8cm)を用 いて深さ10cmまでの底質を採取し,実験室に持ち帰っ て底質の栄養塩の溶出量および同化量の測定を行った. 調査は現場において毎月2~3回の底質試料(n=3)を採取 し,実験に供した.実験にあたっては,底質試料の入っ たコアサンプラーの周りにアルミホイルを巻き,横から の光を遮断した後,作成したチャンバー容器にセットし た.底質が巻き上がらないように滅菌ろ過海水を注入し, 密封した.その後,恒温水槽(TAITAC製:CL-150F) にチャンバー容器を移し,実験中は底質に影響を与えな いよう撹拌を行って,現地で測定した水温に恒温水槽を 設定した.また,ハロゲンランプ(Dupla製:Electra) ヤマトオサガニの造巣活動に伴う底質から水中へのDIN回帰と 藻類による固定 DIN Fixation by Macroalgae and Release from Sediment by the Burrowing Macrophthalmus japonicus

Study on Generation Mechanisms of Tsunami Resistance of Gentle Slope Revetment

Many coastal structures, especially embankment and revetment, were damaged seriously by Tsunami of Tohoku Earthquake occurred at March 11, 2011. However, many Gentle Slope-type Revetments were not broken and remain the function of disaster prevention. In this study, we focused generation mechanism of robustness of Gentle Slope-type Revetments to overflowing tsunami on the basis of field observation in Miyagi Prefecture and numerical analysis.The field observation revealed that almost no Gentle Slope-type Revetments were broken. Numerical results suggest that the robustness of the Gentle Slope Revetments is due to the decrease in the water surface elevation of the overflow and the landside scour depth.

Impact of river discharge on surface water variability in Amagasaki port, Japan

Amagasaki port is located closed-off section of the Osaka bay, Japan. On the side of the vertical seawalls in the port, a large amount of mussel attached to the objects and drop off to the sea bottom every summer and the mussel drop-off is a pollution load for sea bottom environment. The mussel drop-off is often occurred at the time of sudden water quality change, especially temperature and salinity. Therefore, this study focuses on the period characteristic of surfer salinity in Amagasaki port, wavelet analysis attempt for observed salinity to clarify the occurrence time of the sudden water quality change. Hydrodynamics at the time of river runoff are analyzed by a three-dimensional baroclinic flow model. This study clarified that the occurrence of river runoff was indicated by wavelet analysis at Amagasaki port and the river discharge from Yodo River mainly affected to the sudden change of surface salinity at the sea area, which is a semi-enclosed area and surrounded by reclaimed land.