Yenny Meliana

Effect of Concentration on the Ionic Interaction between Polystyrene Sulfonate and Cationic Surfactant in Aqueous Solution

Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) were prepared by sulfonation method of polystyrene using sulfuric acid. Abundant amount of polystyrene waste can be reused as a coagulant, membrane for polymer fuel cell and anionic-cationic polymer interactions. The characterization of PSS was carried out by using UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, molecular weight and analysis of sulfonation degree. The degree of sulfonation was obtained at 94,18%. Ionic interaction between anionic polymer PSS and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic compound in aqueous solution were analyzed by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), conductometry and fluorimetry. Behavior of conductivity have been calculated the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra showed the ionic interaction between PSS and CTAB. This ionic interaction can be controlled by changing the polymer concentration.

Effect of citronella essential oil fractions as oil phase on emulsion stability

The emulsion system consists of water, oil and surfactant. In order to create stable emulsion system, the composition and formulation between water phase, surfactant and oil phase are very important. Essential oil such as citronella oil has been known as active ingredient which has ability as insect repellent. This research studied the effect of citronella oil and its fraction as oil phase on emulsion stability. The cycle stability test was conducted to check the emulsion stability and it was monitored by pH, density, viscosity, particle size, refractive index, zeta potential, physical appearance and FTIR for 4 weeks. Citronellal fraction has better stability compared to citronella oil and rhodinol fraction with slight change of physical and chemical properties before and after the cycle stability test. However, it is need further study to enhance the stability of the emulsion stability for this formulation.The emulsion system consists of water, oil and surfactant. In order to create stable emulsion system, the composition and formulation between water phase, surfactant and oil phase are very important. Essential oil such as citronella oil has been known as active ingredient which has ability as insect repellent. This research studied the effect of citronella oil and its fraction as oil phase on emulsion stability. The cycle stability test was conducted to check the emulsion stability and it was monitored by pH, density, viscosity, particle size, refractive index, zeta potential, physical appearance and FTIR for 4 weeks. Citronellal fraction has better stability compared to citronella oil and rhodinol fraction with slight change of physical and chemical properties before and after the cycle stability test. However, it is need further study to enhance the stability of the emulsion stability for this formulation.

Emulsion polymerization of polystyrene-co-acrylic acid with Cu2O incorporation

In this research, poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid-Cu) was prepared via emulsion polymerization.Cu contents were varied as 10%, 15% and 20% and mol ratio of styrene to acrylic acid as 1:1 and 2:1. Structure and surface of poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid-Cu) were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transformed Infra Red), NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and SEM/EDX (Scanning Electron Microcope/ Energy Dispersive X-Ray) spectroscopy. The NMR spectra showed that the polymer was formed, however FTIR spectra showed that there were still unreacted monomers. SEM-EDX confirmed that copper (Cu) was dispersed uniformly on poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid-Cu) matrix.