Yeo-Eun Lee

Bactericidal Efficacy of Vital-Oxide ® , Disinfectant Solution Against Salmonella Typhimurium and Brucella Ovis

Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. have caused a considerable disease of farmed animals and eco- nomic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of Vital-Oxidel ® , a commercial disinfectant, composed to chlorine dioxide, betaine hydrochloride, and propylene glycol was evaluated against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at 4 o C. Vital-Oixdel ® and test bac- teria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treat- ment condition. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of Vital-Oixdel ® against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis was lowered compared to that on HW condition. As Vital-Oxidel ® possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal

Antiviral Efficacy of Citra-kill ® , Disinfectant Solution Against Avian Influenza Virus

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is already panzootic in poultry and caused a considerable economic loss in poultry industry. In addition, HPAIV continues to cross species barriers to infect humans and other mammals, often with fatal outcomes. In this study, the virucidal efficacy of Citra- composed to quaternary ammonium chloride and citric acid was investigated against avian influenza H9N2 virus (AIV). A virucidal efficacy was determined with the viability of AIV contacted with the disinfectant in the allantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Citra- and AIV was reacted on the distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) condition. On DW condition, AIV was inactivated with 2,000 fold dilutions of Citra-. When the antiviral effect on HW condition was evaluated, the antiviral activity of the disinfectant showed on 1,500 fold dilutions against AIV. With the investigation of the antiviral effect of the disinfectant on OM condition, AIV was inactivated on 500 fold dilutions of Citra-. As Citra- possesses virucidal efficacy against AIV, the disinfectant solution can be used to limit the spread of animal viral diseases.

Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium chlorate and Korean Herbal Extracts against Mice infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7

ABSTRACT - The present study was evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of Coptidis rhizoma,Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischet, Schizandra chinensis and Corni Fructus(1:1:1) extracts(CGSC10). Furthermore, theeffectiveness of CGSC10, sodium chlorate, and the combination of CGSC10 and sodium chlorate(CGSCS10) againstE. coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. During the incubation period, the dose of 5, 10, and20% CGSC10 was inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 by 34.7, 60.2, and 76.4%, respectively. For 7 days aftersingle challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which wereadministered in drinking water with saline, 10% CGSC10, 15 mM sodium chlorate, and CGSCS10, respectively. Onthe 3rd day, the number of E. coli O157:H7 in mouse feces was significantly decreased by administration of CGSC10,15 mM sodium chlorate, and CGSCS10 (p < 0.001). On the 7th day-after administration, CGSC10, sodium chlorate,and CGSCS10 were decreased the number of E. coli O157:H7 by 27.1, 67.7, and 83.3%, respectively. According tothe results of the present study, administration of CGSCS10 to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infec-tion. In addition, it is suggested that CGSCS10 represents a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections indomestic animals. Key words: Korean traditional herbal extracts, sodium chlorate, antibacterial activity, E. coli O157:H7

Antiviral Efficacy of an Aquatic Disinfectant Tablet Composed to Calcium Hypochlorite Against Red Sea Bream Iridovirus

ABSTRACT - In this study, the veridical efficacy of an aquatic disinfectant tablet composed to calcium hypochlo-rite against red sea bream iridovirus (RBIV). A veridical efficacy was determined with the viability of RBIV contactedwith the disinfectant in viral stock cultured in fat head minnow cell line. An aquatic disinfectant tablet and RBIV werereacted on the distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) condition. On DW and HWcondition, RBIV was inactivated with 25,000 fold dilutions of an aquatic disinfectant tablet. With the investigation ofthe antiviral effect of the disinfectant on OM condition, RBIV was inactivated on 22,000 fold dilutions of an aquaticdisinfectant tablet. As an aquatic disinfectant tablet possesses veridical efficacy against RBIV, the disinfectant solutioncan be used to limit the spread of cultured marine fish viral disease.Key words: Aquatic disinfectant tablet, Red sea bream iridovirus, Calcium hypochlorite, Disinfectant efficacy

Antimicrobial Efficacies of Citra-Kill ® , Disinfectant Solution against Salmonella Typhimurium and Brucella Ovis

Salmonellosis and brucellosis have caused a considerable danger of farmed animals and economic loss in animal farming industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of Citra-Kill ® , a commercial disinfectant, composed to quaternary ammonium chloride and citric acid was evaluated against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at 4℃. Citra-Kill ® and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of Citra-Kill ® against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis was lowered compared to that on HW condition. As Citra-Kill ® possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal pathogenic bacteria such as S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis, this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of animal bacterial diseases.

Bactericidal Efficacies of an Aquatic Disinfectant Tablet Composed to Calcium Hypochlorite Against Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus iniae

Vibrio spp. and Streptococcus spp. have caused a considerable disease of farmed fish and economic loss in fish farming and seafood industry. In this study, the efficacy of an aquatic disinfectant tablet composed to cal- cium hypochlorite was evaluated against V. anguillarum and S. iniae. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at 4 o C. An aquatic disinfectant tablet and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. V. anguillarum on the DW, HW and OM condi- tion was completely inactivated with 16,000 15,000 and 13,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. On the DW, HW and OM condition, S. iniae was absolutely inactivated with 17,000 16,000 and 14,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. As an aquatic disinfectant tablet possesses bactericidal efficacy against fish pathogenic bac- teria such as V. anguillarum and S. iniae this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of fish infective bacterial diseases.

Evaluation for the Safety of Bee Venom in ICR Mice

This study was carried out to examine the safety of a bee venom as an alternatives for antibiotics using male ICR mice. Five-week-old male mice were injected singly with a dried honey bee venom at the concentration of 0.25 mg/kg (a clinical dose) or 0.5 mg/kg intravenously through tail vein and various pathophysiological analyses were performed after 3 days. There were no significant differences in changes of body weight between saline-treated control group and the experimental groups. In the hematological analysis, none of the parameters were affected by bee venom. In blood biochemistry analysis, none of the markers were affected by administration of bee venom. Similarly, there were no significant effects on markers for liver, kidney and skeletal muscle functions in all treated-groups. No remarkable lesions were detected in these organs with macroscopic examination. Since there were no adverse effects of the bee venom in a single intravenous toxicity test for 3 days, it was concluded that bee venom could be a candidate for a safe natural antibiotics in the animal production industry.

Therapeutic Effect of Dioctahedral Smectite on Diarrhea Caused by E. coli and Salmonella in Calves

The objectives in the present study were to evaluate the therapeutic effect of dioctahedral smectite(smectite) against calf diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli and/or Salmonella typhimurium. Of this study, twenty calves (aged 2-3 months) with diarrhea were used to estimate the efficacy of smectite on calf diarrhea with 20% smectite suspension in PBS. Calves were administered with 10 ml smectite suspension three times a day after feeding, and fecal samples were collected at the gate of treatment and on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th day after administration. On the 5th day after treatment of smectite suspension, the treated group significantly reduced diarrhea index compared to control group (P<0.001). The number of pathogenic E. coli in feces of the treated group was significantly decreased compared to each control group from on the 2nd day after treatment (P<0.001), and that of Salmonella typhimurium was significantly decreased from on the first day after treatment (P<0.05). From results of the present study, 20% smectite suspension had therapeutic effect on diarrhea caused by E. coli and/or Salmonella in calves.