Yesim Tozan

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of environmental management for malaria control.

Roll back malaria (RBM) aims at halving the current burden of the disease by the year 2010. The focus is on sub‐Saharan Africa, and it is proposed to implement efficacious and cost‐effective control strategies. But the evidence base of such information is scarce, and a notable missing element is the discussion of the potential of environmental management. We reviewed the literature and identified multiple malaria control programmes that incorporated environmental management as the central feature. Prominent among them are programmes launched in 1929 and implemented for two decades at copper mining communities in Zambia. The full package of control measures consisted of vegetation clearance, modification of river boundaries, draining swamps, oil application to open water bodies and house screening. Part of the population also was given quinine and was sleeping under mosquito nets. Monthly malaria incidence rates and vector densities were used for surveillance and adaptive tuning of the environmental management strategies to achieve a high level of performance. Within 3–5 years, malaria‐related mortality, morbidity and incidence rates were reduced by 70–95%. Over the entire 20 years of implementation, the programme had averted an estimated 4173 deaths and 161 205 malaria attacks. The estimated costs per death and malaria attack averted were US

The economic payoffs of integrated malaria control in the Zambian copperbelt between 1930 and 1950

858 and US

DengueTools: innovative tools and strategies for the surveillance and control of dengue

22.20, respectively. Over the initial 3–5 years start‐up period, analogous to the short‐duration of cost‐effectiveness analyses of current studies, we estimated that the costs per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted were US

Moving towards universal coverage with malaria control interventions: achievements and challenges in rural Burkina Faso

524–591. However, the strategy has a track record of becoming cost‐effective in the longer term, as maintenance costs were much lower: US

Reviewing Dengue: Still a Neglected Tropical Disease?

22–92 per DALY averted. In view of fewer adverse ecological effects, increased sustainability and better uses of local resources and knowledge, environmental management – integrated with pharmacological, insecticidal and bednet interventions – could substantially increase the chances of rolling back malaria.

Prereferral rectal artesunate for treatment of severe childhood malaria: a cost-effectiveness analysis

It has long been suggested that malaria is delaying the economic development of countries that are most severely affected by the disease. Several studies have documented the economic consequences of malaria at the household level, primarily in communities engaged in subsistence farming. A missing element is the appraisal of the economic impact of malaria on the industrial and service sectors that will probably become the backbone of many developing economies. We estimate the economic effects of integrated malaria control implemented during the colonial period and sustained for 20 years in four copper mining communities of the former Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Integrated malaria control was characterized by strong emphasis on environmental management, while part of the mining communities also benefited from rapid diagnosis and treatment and the use of bednets. The programmes were highly successful as an estimated 14 122 deaths, 517 284 malaria attacks and 942 347 work shift losses were averted. Overall, 127 226 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were averted per 3‐year incremental period. The cumulative costs of malaria control interventions were US

The impact of insecticide-treated school uniforms on dengue infections in school-aged children : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Thailand

11 169 472 (in 1995 US

Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine vs. Artemether-Lumefantrine for First-Line Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in African Children: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

). Because the control programmes were so effective, the mining companies attracted a large reservoir of migrant labourers and sustained healthy work forces. The programmes averted an estimated US

Costs of Dengue Control Activities and Hospitalizations in the Public Health Sector during an Epidemic Year in Urban Sri Lanka

796 622 in direct treatment costs and US

Internet-based media coverage on dengue in Sri Lanka between 2007 and 2015

5 678 745 in indirect costs as a result of reduced work absenteeism. Within a few years of programme initiation, Northern Rhodesia became the leading copper producer in Africa, and mining generated the dominant share of national income. Copper production and revenues, which increased dramatically during malaria control interventions, amounted to the equivalent of US