Yoná Afonso Francisco

Associação do eletrocardiograma com diabete melito e síndrome metabólica em nipo-brasileiros

FUNDAMENTO: Al migrar hacia las Americas, los japoneses se sometieron a un proceso de occidentalizacion, con estilo de vida, y especialmente dieta, muy diferente, lo que puede explicar el aumento de diabetes mellitus (DM), sindrome metabolico (SM) y enfermedades cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Analizar la presencia de necrosis miocardica e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI), indicada en ECG, y su relacion con DM y SM en poblacion de nipobrasilenos. METODOS: Estudio transversal que evaluo a 1.042 nipobrasilenos con edad superior a 30 anos: 202 nacidos en Japao (iseis) y 840 nacidos en Brasil (niseis), provenientes de la segunda fase del estudio Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group iniciado en 2000. Se definio el SM desde los criterios de la NCEP-ATP III, modificados para los japoneses. La presencia de DM y SM se asocio a la formacion de necrosis miocardica, segun el de Minnesota, y de HVI segun el criterio de Perugia, ambas reveladas en el ECG. Se utilizo el metodo estadistico del Chi-cuadrado para rechazo de la hipotesis de nulidad. RESULTADOS: De los 1.042 participantes, el 35,3% presentaba DM (el 38,6% entre los iseis y el 34,5% en niseis); el 51,8% tenian SM (el 59,4% entre iseis y el 50,0% en niseis). La presencia de zona inactiva en los iseis diabeticos no se mostro estadisticamente significante, si se la compara a los no diabeticos; sin embargo, entre los niseis diabeticos la zona inactiva se presentaba en el 7,5%. Hubo correlacion estadisticamente significante entre el SM y la HVE entre iseis y niseis. CONCLUSION: Disturbios metabolicos tuvieron alta prevalencia en nipobrasilenos con correlaciones significantes con necrosis e hipertrofia reveladas por el ECG.BACKGROUND When the Japanese immigrated to the Americas, they were subjected to Westernization, with a great change in lifestyle, specially in dietary habits, and this may explain the increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease among them. OBJECTIVE To study the presence of myocardial necrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a population of Japanese-Brazilians, using the ECG and its relationship with DM and MS. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which evaluated 1,042 Japanese-Brazilians aged 30 or over, 202 of them born in Japan (Issei) and 840 of them born in Brazil (Nissei), from the second phase of the Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group initiated in 2000. MS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria modified for the Japanese. DM and MS were associated with the presence of myocardial necrosis (according to the Minnesota criteria) and LVH (according the Perugia score on the ECG). The statistic chi square method was used to reject the null hypothesis. RESULTS Of the 1,042 participants, 35.3% had DM (38.6% of the Issei and 34.5% of the Nissei); 51.8% had MS (59.4% of the Issei and 50.0% of the Nissei). The presence of an inactive zone in the diabetic Issei group was not statistically significant when compared to the non-diabetic group, but among the diabetic Nissei group an inactive zone was present in 7.5% of them. There was a statistically significant correlation between MS and LVH in the Issei and Nissei groups. CONCLUSION Metabolic disorders presented a high prevalence in Japanese-Brazilians with significant correlations with necrosis and hypertrophy on the ECG.

Assessment of Resistant Hypertension with Home Blood Pressure Monitoring

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE: To compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS: A total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS: The comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.BACKGROUND ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE to compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS a total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS the comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION according to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.

Avaliação da hipertensão arterial resistente pela monitorização residencial da pressão arterial

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE: To compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS: A total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS: The comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.BACKGROUND ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE to compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS a total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS the comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION according to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.

H 021 QUALITY OF LIFE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS TREATED AT AN OUTPATIENT CLINIC

BACKGROUND The main cause of mortality in braziliam population is the cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension (AH) the most prevalent one. The antihypertensive treatment is effective however it is not well known how affects the quality of life (QOL) in patients afterwards. OBJECTIVE To comparatively assess the QOL in patients submitted to an antihypertensive treatment. METHODS One-hundred patients with AH were studied of which 46 had complied with a standard treatment regimen (group A) and 54 (group B control) were about to start the same regimen. We collected clinical and sociodemographic data and questions focusing sexuality, self-perception of QOL, number and types of medication taken and their influence on sex life. The questionnaire SF-36 was also administered. The data were analyzed using the tests chi-square, Students t, Pearson correlation and Tukey. RESULTS No differences were detected between group A and B in any of the SF-36 domains. There was an association between the question on self-perception of QOL and the SF-36 domains, emotional aspects excepted. As regards sexuality, there was difference in the quality of sex life between the groups, which was less satisfactory for group A. CONCLUSION When the SF-36 was administered no changes in QOL were detected between the groups because it is an asymptomatic chronic disease. The SF-36 did not properly assess emotional aspects in our case series of hypertensive patients that had high behavior variability. Group A showed lower quality sex life; however, this was not related to the number and type of medication used.

Is there a need to redo many of the diagnoses of hypertension

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Most hypertensive subjects undergoing treatment were diagnosed solely through measurements made in the consultation office. The objective of this study was to redo the diagnosis of treated patients after new clinical measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient specialty clinic. METHODS Patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension or undergoing anti-hypertensive treatment, without target organ damage or diabetes, were included. After drug withdrawal lasting 2-3 weeks, new blood pressure (BP) measurements were made during two separate visits. ABPM was performed blindly, in relation to clinical measurements. The BP thresholds used for diagnosing hypertension, white-coat hypertension, normotension and masked hypertension were: 140 (systolic) and 90 (diastolic) mmHg for office measurements and 135 (systolic) and 85 (diastolic) mmHg for mean awake ABPM (MAA). RESULTS Evaluations were done on 101 subjects (70% women); mean age 51 ± 10 years. The clinical BP was 155 ± 18/97 ± 10 mmHg (first visit) and 150 ± 16/94 ± 11 mmHg (second visit); MAA was 137 ± 13/ 86 ± 10 mmHg. Sixty-four patients (63%) were confirmed as hypertensive, 28 (28%) as white-coat hypertensive, nine (9%) as normotensive and none as masked hypertensive. After ABPM, 37% of the presumed hypertensive patients did not fit into this category. CONCLUSION This study showed that hypertension was overdiagnosed among hypertensive subjects undergoing treatment. New diagnostic procedures should be performed after drug withdrawal, with the aid of BP monitoring.

Evaluación de la Hipertensión Arterial Resistente por Monitoreo Residencial de la Presión Arterial

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE: To compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS: A total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS: The comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.BACKGROUND ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for the diagnostic confirmation of resistant hypertension (RH). However, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been considered an option, because of its lower cost and greater comfort. OBJECTIVE to compare the values obtained by HBPM with those obtained by ABPM in the identification of patients with resistant hypertension. METHODS a total of 51 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension were selected. All were adults of both genders and were undergoing treatment in an outpatient referral clinic from January 2007 to September 2009. Casual office blood pressure (BP), 24-hour ABPM, and HBPM were performed according to current guidelines, with a maximum two-week interval between the methods. RESULTS the comparison of ABPM (mean daytime) with HBPM showed a good correlation between them, both for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP): SBP r = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.82, DBP r = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.81. RH was confirmed by ABPM in 33 patients and by HBPM in 37, with no significant difference between the methods. CONCLUSION according to the results obtained, we conclude that HBPM is a method that can be used as an alternative to ABPM for the diagnostic confirmation of RH.

Asociación del electrocardiograma con diabetes mellitus y síndrome metabólico en nipobrasileños

FUNDAMENTO: Al migrar hacia las Americas, los japoneses se sometieron a un proceso de occidentalizacion, con estilo de vida, y especialmente dieta, muy diferente, lo que puede explicar el aumento de diabetes mellitus (DM), sindrome metabolico (SM) y enfermedades cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Analizar la presencia de necrosis miocardica e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI), indicada en ECG, y su relacion con DM y SM en poblacion de nipobrasilenos. METODOS: Estudio transversal que evaluo a 1.042 nipobrasilenos con edad superior a 30 anos: 202 nacidos en Japao (iseis) y 840 nacidos en Brasil (niseis), provenientes de la segunda fase del estudio Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group iniciado en 2000. Se definio el SM desde los criterios de la NCEP-ATP III, modificados para los japoneses. La presencia de DM y SM se asocio a la formacion de necrosis miocardica, segun el de Minnesota, y de HVI segun el criterio de Perugia, ambas reveladas en el ECG. Se utilizo el metodo estadistico del Chi-cuadrado para rechazo de la hipotesis de nulidad. RESULTADOS: De los 1.042 participantes, el 35,3% presentaba DM (el 38,6% entre los iseis y el 34,5% en niseis); el 51,8% tenian SM (el 59,4% entre iseis y el 50,0% en niseis). La presencia de zona inactiva en los iseis diabeticos no se mostro estadisticamente significante, si se la compara a los no diabeticos; sin embargo, entre los niseis diabeticos la zona inactiva se presentaba en el 7,5%. Hubo correlacion estadisticamente significante entre el SM y la HVE entre iseis y niseis. CONCLUSION: Disturbios metabolicos tuvieron alta prevalencia en nipobrasilenos con correlaciones significantes con necrosis e hipertrofia reveladas por el ECG.BACKGROUND When the Japanese immigrated to the Americas, they were subjected to Westernization, with a great change in lifestyle, specially in dietary habits, and this may explain the increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease among them. OBJECTIVE To study the presence of myocardial necrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a population of Japanese-Brazilians, using the ECG and its relationship with DM and MS. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which evaluated 1,042 Japanese-Brazilians aged 30 or over, 202 of them born in Japan (Issei) and 840 of them born in Brazil (Nissei), from the second phase of the Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group initiated in 2000. MS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria modified for the Japanese. DM and MS were associated with the presence of myocardial necrosis (according to the Minnesota criteria) and LVH (according the Perugia score on the ECG). The statistic chi square method was used to reject the null hypothesis. RESULTS Of the 1,042 participants, 35.3% had DM (38.6% of the Issei and 34.5% of the Nissei); 51.8% had MS (59.4% of the Issei and 50.0% of the Nissei). The presence of an inactive zone in the diabetic Issei group was not statistically significant when compared to the non-diabetic group, but among the diabetic Nissei group an inactive zone was present in 7.5% of them. There was a statistically significant correlation between MS and LVH in the Issei and Nissei groups. CONCLUSION Metabolic disorders presented a high prevalence in Japanese-Brazilians with significant correlations with necrosis and hypertrophy on the ECG.