Yong-Taek Jung

Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus sp. nov., a xylan- degrading bacterium isolated from forest humus

A novel xylan-degrading bacterium, designated XDB9(T), was isolated from forest humus collected from Gyeryong Mountain in Korea. Cells were Gram-positive, aerobic, motile and endospore-forming rods. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XDB9(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Lysinibacillus. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain XDB9(T) and the type strains of species of the genus Lysinibacillus ranged from 98.0 to 98.5 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain XDB9(T) was A4alpha, which is based on L-Lys-D-Asp. Strain XDB9(T) contained iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)omega7c alcohol as the major fatty acids and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 37.2 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization results and differential phenotypic properties showed that strain XDB9(T) could be distinguished from recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus. It was concluded that strain XDB9(T) represents a new taxon for which the name Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XDB9(T) (=KCTC 13423(T)=CCUG 57438(T)).

Mucilaginibacter boryungensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BDR-9(T), was isolated from soil collected from Boryung on the west coast of the Korean peninsula, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain BDR-9(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BDR-9(T) fell within the clade comprising species of the genus Mucilaginibacter within the phylum Bacteroidetes. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain BDR-9(T) and the type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter were in the range 94.0-95.6 %. Strain BDR-9(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 44.3 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness of strain BDR-9(T) demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BDR-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter boryungensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BDR-9(T) ( = KCTC 23157(T)  = CCUG 59599(T)).

Mucilaginibacter lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, BR-3(T), was isolated from a tidal flat on the western coast of Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic study. Strain BR-3(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 6.5-7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BR-3(T) fell within the clade comprising species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, joining the type strain of Mucilaginibacter rigui, with which it exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.2%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain BR-3(T) and the type strains of the other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter were in the range 93.8-95.9%. A mean DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain BR-3(T) and M. rigui KCTC 12534(T) was 21%. Strain BR-3(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and C(16:1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and iso-C(15:0) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 49.8 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness of strain BR-3(T) demonstrated that this strain is separate from M. rigui as well as the other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain BR-3(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR-3(T) (=KCTC 23461(T) =CCUG 60742(T)).

Gaetbulicola byunsanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, non-motile and pleomorphic bacterial strain, SMK-114(T), which belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria, was isolated from a tidal flat sample collected in Byunsan, Korea. Strain SMK-114(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and 25-30 degrees C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SMK-114(T) formed a cluster with Octadecabacter species, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.2-95.4 %. This cluster was part of the clade comprising Thalassobius species with a bootstrap resampling value of 76.3 %. Strain SMK-114(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.1-96.3 % to members of the genus Thalassobius. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)omega7c as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 60.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain SMK-114(T) is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which the name Gaetbulicola byunsanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Gaetbulicola byunsanensis is SMK-114(T) (=KCTC 22632(T) =CCUG 57612(T)).

Roseovarius marinus sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterium, designated HDW-9(T), belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Strain HDW-9(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HDW-9(T) clustered with Roseovarius crassostreae CV919-312(T), with which it exhibited 95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain HDW-9(T) exhibited 92.5-94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the other type strains of species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain HDW-9(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)ω7c as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 58.3 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties distinguished strain HDW-9(T) from the other members of the genus Roseovarius. Strain HDW-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HDW-9(T) (=KCTC 22805(T) =CCUG 58403(T)).

Ruegeria faecimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment.

A Gram-negative-staining, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, HD-28(T), was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Strain HD-28(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and 30 °C in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HD-28(T) was most closely related to species of the genus Ruegeria and exhibited 95.5-96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of Ruegeria species. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on gyrB gene sequences also showed that strain HD-28(T) fell within the cluster comprising recognized species of the genus Ruegeria, showing 77.5-83.9 % sequence similarity. Strain HD-28(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain HD-28(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain HD-28(T) could be distinguished from recognized species of the genus Ruegeria. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain HD-28(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria faecimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HD-28(T) ( = KCTC 23044(T) = CCUG 58878(T)).

Loktanella litorea sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DPG-5(T), was isolated from seawater of the South Sea, Korea and subjected to a study using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain DPG-5(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DPG-5(T) fell within the clade comprising members of the genus Loktanella, and formed a cluster with the type strains of Loktanella rosea, Loktanella maricola, Loktanella koreensis and Loktanella tamlensis, with which it exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.7, 96.5, 96.2 and 96.7 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain DPG-5(T) and the type strains of the other species of the genus Loktanella were in the range of 94.4-96.0 %. The DNA G+C content of strain DPG-5(T) was 57.6 mol%. Strain DPG-5(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)ω7c and 11-methyl C(18 : 1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids found in strain DPG-5(T) were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, showed that strain DPG-5(T) is differentiated from other species of the genus Loktanella. On the basis of the data presented, strain DPG-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DPG-5(T) (= KCTC 23883(T) = CCUG 62113(T)).

Muricauda lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, SMK-108(T), was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in Korea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Strain SMK-108(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0 and at 30 degrees C. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(15 : 1) and iso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 41.1 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain SMK-108(T) was related most closely to members of the genus Muricauda, exhibiting 96.6-98.8 % sequence similarity to the type strains of recognized Muricauda species. Strain SMK-108(T) was distinguishable from recognized Muricauda species on the basis of differential phenotypic characteristics, levels of DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness. This organism is thus considered to represent a novel species of the genus Muricauda, for which the name Muricauda lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SMK-108(T) (=KCTC 22173(T) =CCUG 55324(T)).

Lysobacter dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, DS-58(T), was isolated from a soil sample from Dokdo, an island of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DS-58(T) fell within the family Xanthomonadaceae. The isolate showed 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest phylogenetic neighbour, Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7(T), and 93.4-95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other members of the genus Lysobacter. Strain DS-58(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 1)ω9c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Strain DS-58(T) could be distinguished phenotypically from type strains of closely related species of the genus Lysobacter and phylogenetically from all members of the genus Lysobacter. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain DS-58(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS-58(T) ( = KCTC 12822(T)  = DSM 17958(T)).

Virgibacillus byunsanensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

A Gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, ISL-24(T), was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the Yellow Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. Strain ISL-24(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30-37 degrees C and in the presence of 8 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C(15 : 0) as the predominant fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 37.6 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ISL-24(T) fell within the genus Virgibacillus, clustering with Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) and Virgibacillus necropolis LMG 19488(T), with a bootstrap resampling value of 92.3 %, and exhibiting 97.3 and 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, to these strains. Strain ISL-24(T) exhibited 94.8-96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of the other Virgibacillus species. Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain ISL-24(T) and V. carmonensis DSM 14868(T) and V. necropolis DSM 14866(T) were 11 and 19 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties of strain ISL-24(T), together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that this strain is different from recognized Virgibacillus species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain ISL-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus byunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ISL-24(T) (=KCTC 13259(T) =CCUG 56754(T)).