Yoon Seong Lee

Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Koreans

The sequencing data for two mtDNA segments in control region I and II, 385 and 341 nucleotides long, respectively, for 306 unrelated Koreans are presented. In regions I and II, 139 and 58 polymorphic sites, respectively, were noted. These were distributed evenly along the control region, though the frequency of each site was variable. Nucleotide substitution rather than insertion/deletion was the prevalent pattern of variation. A total of 265 different mtDNA lineages in region I and 154 in region II were revealed. This result represents a substantial level of polymorphism in a defined population, and presents the possibility that mtDNA polymorphism could be used as an individual identification marker, especially when nuclear DNA is not available. In view of the complex pattern of variation, meticulous test-sequencing is thought to be more appropriate than RFLP analysis using restriction endonuclease or hybridization using an SSO probe. Racial differences with genealogical usage are also described.

Polymorphism in the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene in Koreans. An additional marker for individual identification.

Sequencing the mitochondrial control region is very useful for individual identification when conventional DNA typing using autosomal STRs is unavailable. However, low discriminatory power is a problem and another polymorphic locus within the mitochondrial genome is necessary. The cytochrome B (MTCYB) gene, which has undergone several changes during evolution, may be a good candidate for this purpose. Here the sequencing data of the MTCYB gene of 98 unrelated Koreans is presented. A total of 30 polymorphic sites were found which were distributed evenly along the gene. All were nucleotide substitutions and no insertions/deletions were noted. A total of 22 different MTCYB lineages were revealed. Out of 22 different control region lineages with 79 samples which shared the same D-loop sequence with some others within a lineage, 10 lineages with 37 samples could be sub-grouped according to different MTCYB sequences. Some issues concerning the MTCYB gene polymorphism are discussed.

Polymorphism of nine X chromosomal STR loci in Koreans

Abstract. This study describes the polymorphism of the nine STR loci on the X chromosome, DXS6803, DXS8378, GATA164A09, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS9895, DXS9898, DXS6789, and DXS6795 in Koreans. In each locus, 4–10 alleles were noted and the allelic distribution patterns were the same for males and females. Heterozygosity in females ranged from 0.42 to 0.84. Among the 303 father-daughter or mother-child pairs examined 29 cases of mutation were found, 13 at the DXS6803 locus, 2 at DXS8378, 4 at DXS164A09, 3 at DXS7132, 1 at DXS7133, 2 at DXS9895, 2 at DXS9898 , 1 at DXS6789 and 1 at DXS6795. In 208 families including 180 fathers and 177 mothers, 530 different haplotypes were found. Unlike the STR loci on the Y chromosome, cases showing recombination were frequent, and in combination with mutation this made it difficult to discriminate the exclusion cases from those with mutation or recombination based on the haplotype. Details of X chromosomal STRs in Koreans which would be useful for a future large scale database are described.

Clinical evaluation of the SD Bioline influenza virus antigen test for rapid detection of influenza viruses A and B in children and adults during the influenza season.

ABSTRACT The performance of the SD Bioline rapid antigen test kit for influenza virus detection was evaluated with 295 respiratory specimens during the influenza season. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the SD Bioline test were 61.9% and 96.8% for the influenza A virus antigen and 54.5% and 100% for the influenza B virus antigen, respectively. The results were consistent with peak influenza activities.

Shear Bond Strength of MDP-Containing Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Y-TZP Ceramics: Effect of Phosphate Monomer-Containing Primers

Purpose. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different phosphate monomer-containing primers on the shear bond strength between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics and MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods. Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with #600-grit SiC paper and divided into six groups (n = 10). They were treated as follows: untreated (control), Metal/Zirconia Primer, Z-PRIME Plus, air abrasion, Metal/Zirconia Primer with air abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air abrasion. MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement was applied to the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, a shear bond strength test was performed. The surfaces of the Y-TZP specimens were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. The bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test (P < 0.05). Results. The Z-PRIME Plus treatment combined with air abrasion produced the highest bond strength, followed by Z-PRIME Plus application, Metal/Zirconia Primer combined with air abrasion, air abrasion alone, and, lastly, Metal/Zirconia Primer application. The control group yielded the lowest results (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The application of MDP-containing primer resulted in increased bond strength between Y-TZP ceramics and MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cements.

Development of the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Guideline for Rating Physical Impairment

Systematic and effective welfare for the disabled is possible when there are scientific and objective criteria demonstrating either presence or severity of the impairment. We need our own scientific criteria suitable for our culture and society, since the impairment is influenced by them. In 2007, we established the Developing Committee of Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS) Guideline for Impairment Rating under KAMS supervision. We included all fixed and permanent physical impairments after a sufficient medical treatment. The impairment should be stable and medically measurable. If not, it should be reevaluated later. We benchmarked the American Medical Association Guides. The KAMS Guideline should be scientific, objective, valid, reasonable and practical. In particular, we tried to secure objectivity. We developed the KAMS Guideline for Impairment Rating.

Methodological Quality Appraisal of 27 Korean Guidelines Using a Scoring Guide Based on the AGREE II Instrument and a Web-based Evaluation

This study evaluated the methodological quality of CPGs using the Korean AGREE II scoring guide and a web-based appraisal system and was conducted by qualified appraisers. A total of 27 Korean CPGs were assessed under 6 domains and 23 items on the AGREE II instrument using the Korean scoring guide. The domain scores of the 27 guidelines were as following: the mean domain score was 82.7% (median 84.7%, ranging from 55.6% to 97.2%) for domain 1 (scope and purpose); 53.4% (median 56.9%, ranging from 11.1% to 95.8%) for domain 2 (stakeholder involvement); 63.0% (median 71.4%, ranging from 13.5% to 90.6%) for domain 3 (rigor of development); 88.9% (median 91.7%, ranging from 58.3% to 100.0%) for domain 4 (clarity of presentation); 30.1% (median 27.1%, ranging from 3.1% to 67.7%) for domain 5 (applicability); and 50.2% (median 58.3%, ranging from 0.0% to 93.8%) for domain 6 (editorial independence). Three domains including scope and purpose, rigor of development, and clarity of presentation were rated at more than 60% of the scaled domain score. Three domains including stakeholder involvement, applicability, and editorial independence were rated at less than 60% of the scaled domain score. Finally, of the 27 guidelines, 18 (66.7%) were rated at more than 60% of the scaled domain score for rigor of development and were categorized as high-quality guidelines.

Analysis of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Microshear Bond Strength on Leucite-Reinforced Glass-Ceramic with/without Pure Silane Primer or Universal Adhesive Surface Treatment

Objective. To evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of self-adhesive resin (SA) cement on leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic using silane or universal adhesive. Materials and Methods. Ceramic blocks were etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid and divided into three groups (n = 16): (1) negative control (NC) without treatment; (2) Single Bond Universal (SBU); (3) RelyX Ceramic Primer as positive control (PC). RelyX Unicem resin cement was light-cured, and μSBS was evaluated with/without thermocycling. The μSBS was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The fractured surfaces were examined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. Without thermocycling, μSBS was highest for PC (30.50 MPa ± 3.40), followed by SBU (27.33 MPa ± 2.81) and NC (20.18 MPa ± 2.01) (P < 0.05). Thermocycling significantly reduced μSBS in SBU (22.49 MPa ± 4.11) (P < 0.05), but not in NC (20.68 MPa ± 4.60) and PC (28.77 MPa ± 3.52) (P > 0.05). PC and NC predominantly fractured by cohesive failure within the ceramic and mixed failure, respectively. Conclusion. SBU treatment improves μSBS between SA cement and glass ceramics, but to a lower value than PC, and the improvement is eradicated by thermocycling. NC exhibited the lowest μSBS, which remained unchanged after thermocycling.

Simple and sensitive method of microcantilever-based DNA detection using nanoparticles conjugates

As the real sample diagnosis using resonance-based microcantilevers, a simple method is strongly suggested that capture probe immobilized on the cantilever directly hybridize with nanoparticles conjugated detection probe. Two different dimensions of microfabricated piezoelectric cantilevers and two different sizes of nanoparticles were used in this experiment. As a result, the most suitable conditions, the 30times90 mum2 (width times length) of the cantilever and the 140 nm of the nanoparticles, were chosen for this method. And quantitative analysis was carried out in different concentrations of nanoparticles conjugated detection probe which are 1 mug/mL, 10 mug/mL and 100 mug/mL. In addition, the sensitivity of this method was demonstrated through the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) detection by comparing with quantitative data of hybridization in full matched sequence at same concentration.

Effect of Different Surface Treatment on the Shear Bond Strength between Yttria-Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal and Non-10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate-Containing Resin Cement

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods (yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP] primers, air-abrasion, and tribochemical surface treatment) on the shear bond strength between (Y-TZP) ceramics and etch-and-rinse non-10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin cements. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with 600-grit silicone carbide abrasives paper and then divided into seven groups of ten. They were treated as the following: untreated (control), Monobond Plus (IvoclarVivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco Inc.), ESPE Sil with CoJet (3M ESPE), air-abrasion, Monobond Plus with air-abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air-abrasion. The surface of Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Non-MDP-containing cements were placed on the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, shear bond strength test was performed. Bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P Result: The Z-PRIME Plus treatment in combination with air-abrasion produced the highest bond strength (14.94±1.70 MPa) followed by Monobond Plus combined with air-abrasion (10.70±1.71 MPa), air-abrasion (10.47±1.60 MPa), ESPE Sil after CoJet treatment (10.38±0.87 MPa), Z-PRIME Plus application (10.00±1.70 MPa), and then Monobond Plus application (9.25±0.86 MPa). The control (6.70±1.49 MPa) indicated the lowest results (P Conclusion: The shear bond strength between the Y-TZP ceramic and the non-MDP-containing resin cement was the greatest when the surface was treated with air-abrasion and MDP-containing Z-PRIME Plus primer.