Yoshinori Oshiro

Changes of bladder activity and glycine levels in the lumbosacral cord after partial bladder outlet obstruction in rats

Objectives:  We investigated the time course of changes in bladder activity as well as in spinal and serum levels of glutamate and glycine after partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in rats.

Migration of a metal clip into the urinary bladder

Migration of metal clips into the urinary tract is rare. We present a case in which migration of a metal clip into the urinary bladder occurred after retropubic radical prostatectomy. A 75-year-old man, who had undergone retropubic radical prostatectomy three years before, presented with painful micturition and gross hematuria. Radiography and cystoscopy showed two vesical stones. As treatment for these stones, transurethral holmium laser lithotripsy was performed. One of the stones had formed around a metal clip that had presumably migrated into the urinary bladder. After removal of both stones, the patient was able to void freely. In conclusion, it is important to remember that metal clips may migrate postoperatively and cause secondary complications. Therefore, metal clips should be applied sparingly at the vesicourethral anastomosis during retropubic radical prostatectomy.

Early occlusion control of the intrapericardial inferior vena cava under femoral-femoral extracorporeal circulation using a technique to prevent pulmonary embolism during nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: two case reports

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension into the inferior vena cava occurs in approximately 5% of cases. Despite such situations, an aggressive surgical approach is recommended. However, intraoperative prevention of pulmonary embolism by a fragmended tumor thrombus is necessary. To prevent pulmonary embolism, placement of a temporary suprarenal filter has been attempted, however, the precise placement of a temporary filter between the level of the hepatic vein and right atrium is not always easy because of its migration, tilting, and strut fracture. Here we report a method for early occlusion control of the intrapericardial inferior vena cava to prevent pulmonary embolism during nephrectomy in level II or III renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus.Case presentationOur first case was a 37-year-old Japanese man with left renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava below the main hepatic vein (level II) and our second was a 75-year-old Japanese man with right renal cell carcinoma extending into the retrohepatic inferior vena cava at the main hepatic vein (level III). En block resection of the kidney and the tumor thrombus was performed with the aid of partial extracorporeal circulation; the postoperative course of both patients was uneventful.ConclusionControl of intrapericardial inferior vena cava is a feasible method to prevent pulmonary embolism.

CD3− Bone Marrow Cells Augment the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Showing a Preference for the X‐Chromosome Linked Gene Product of Stimulator Cells

Responder cells, composed of both a limited number of nylon wool‐passed lymph node (NW‐LN) cells and an excess number of CD3+ cell‐depleted bone marrow (CD3− BM) cells from the same strain of mice, were stimulated with allogeneic spleen cells in vitro. The CD3− BM cells augmented the generation of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from NW‐LN cells. C3H/He (H‐2k, C3H background) responder cells were stimulated with either B10.D2 (H‐2d, B10 background) or BALB/c (H‐2d, BALB background) spleen cells. In the former stimulation, the CTL induced lysed B10.D2 target cells more efficiently than the BALB/c cells. Furthermore, these CTL lysed more (B10.D2 × BALB/c) F1 male target cells than (BALB/c × B10.D2) F1 male. In the latter stimulation, the CTL lysed more BALB/c than B10.D2 cells, and more (BALB/c × B10.D2) F1 male than (B10.D2 × BALB/c) F1 male. The reciprocal mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were carried out, in which BALB/c responder cells were stimulated with either C3H/He or B10.BR (H‐2k, B10 background) spleen cells. In the former stimulation, the CTL induced lysed more C3H/He or (C3H/He × B10.BR) F1 male target cells than B10.BR or (B10.BR × C3H/He) F1 male, and in the latter, the reciprocal results were obtained. These results suggested that the CTL induced had a preference for the X‐chromosome linked gene products (Xlgp), besides the specificity for the allogeneic MHC class I, of the mice used as stimulator.