Youn-Lee Oh

Breeding progress and characterization of a Korean white variety `Baek-A` in Flammulina velutipes

We made the first Korean white commercial strain `Baek-a` developed by crossing between monokaryons derived from brown strains. This variety can be estimated as the Korea`s indigenous one different from the origin of Japanese white ones. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was but it needed to adjust to when incubated at the bottle cultivation. The optimum temperatures of fruiting body initiation and development were and , respectively. Fruiting body of `Baek-a` was pure white even developed from crossing with brown strains. `Baek-a` was a good variety with high quality and high productivity characterized as quite even budding habit, long stipes and hemi-spherical pilei. The days for the fruiting was 7 days and the productivity was g per 850 ml. This variety needed high concentration of carbon dioxide and it had to be adjusted up to 4,000 ppm for the good quality.

Quality changes in Agaricus bisporus varieties due to period and temperature during their storage

This study was carried out to investigate storage stability of harvested mushroom in developed varieties of button mushroom through identification of quality change during 35 days. The mushroom harvested up to flush mushroom was stored on different storage temperature(4, 7, ) and weight, length, thickness, color of pileus and stipe in fruit body was tested every 7 days. The morphological trait and color of stipe in fruit body were influenced by harvesting period and storage temperature. On the morphological traits of fruit body, mushroom harvested at flush showed smaller difference than those at flush and mushroom stored at indicated more difference than ones at the other temperature. Mostly color of pileus in brown button mushroom had lower (color difference) than white mushroom during storage period. The color of pileus of fruit body in white mushroom had low at whereas that of brown mushroom was low at . The safe period of storage based on the L value is 7 days under a specified environmental condition. `Seolgang` was stored for 14 days as good quality of mushroom, `Saedo` had best quality after harvesting and `Seojeong` was most stable during storage change in white mushroom varieties.

Comparison of amino acid and free amino acid contents between cap and stipe in Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus

팽이버섯과 느타리버섯의 색깔이 다른 계통과 부위별로 갓과 대로 나누어 아미노산 및 유리아미노산 분석을 실시하여 성분 조성과 함량을 비교하였다. 그 결과 버섯 종류와 계통, 그리고 부위에 따라 서로 다른 아미노산 종류가 검출되었다. 팽이, 느타리 모두에서 tryptophane은 검출되지 않았으며, 느타리에서는 특이적으로 alanine이 검출되지 않았다. 또한 팽이에서는 glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았으며 methionine과 phenylalanine은 극히 적게 검출되었다. 느타리버섯에서는 glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았고 phenylalanine과 cysteine이 낮았으며 특이하게 흑색변이계통에서 leucine이 검출되지 않았다. 또한 부위별로는 팽이와 느타리 모두 아미노산 종류별 비율은 동일한 경향을 보였으며, 일반적으로 대보다는 갓에서 아미노산 함량이 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 유리아미노산 분석 결과에서는 버섯계통별로 검출되는 아미노산 함량이 서로 달랐으며, 버섯의 갓과 대에서도 검출되는 아미노산 조성이 일치하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 【The composition and content of amino acid and free amino acid were separately compared in cap and stipe of fruitbody obtained from different color strains in winter mushroom and oyster mushroom strains. The result showed different kinds and amount of amino acids according to the mushroom parts, strains and kinds. Tryptophane was not detected in any mushrooms. Alanine was also not detected in all oyster mushroom strains. The content of glutamic acid was the highest and that of methionine, phenylalanine and cysteine were very low in all mushroom strains. When compared by parts, the ratio of amono acids showed similar tendency in composition. Generally the content of amono acids showed higher in caps than in stipes. The profile and content of free amino acid showed a lot of variation between cap and strip in the intra and inter mushrooms.】

Development of a new brown button mushroom cultivar 'Hogam'

ABSTRACT: A new brown button mushroom cultivar, ‘Hogam’, C34 line, was made by crossing homokaryons, ASI1164-37 andASI1175-66, selected by RAPD analysis and by cultivating three times. Mycelium of ‘Hogam’ on CDA (compost dextrose agar)media grew well at 25 o C. The optimum pin-heading temperature of new variety and optimum growing temperature was 14-18 o C. The thickness of the mature cap and stipe were thicker than a control, ‘Dahyang’ that developed in 2010. The color ofpileus was light brown and lighter than ‘Dahyang’. Days required from casing to first harvesting were three days longer thancontrol strain, but the weight of harvested fruiting body increased by 1.35 times. ‘Hogam‘ cultivar are expected to contribute tothe diversification of domestic mushroom cultivars.KEYWORDS: Agaricus bisporus, Brown button mushroom cultivar, Morphological and cultural characteristics 서론 양송이(Agaricus bisporus)는 생긴 모양을 빗대어 buttonmushroom으로 불리며, 식용버섯으로 맛과 향기가 뛰어나서 세계적으로 가장 널리 소비되는 버섯 중 하나이다(Jzsefet al. 2004). 최근 우리나라의 양송이 생산량은 6,678MT이고, 생산액은 433억이다(Special crop production in 2013).양송이에는 일반적으로 많이 소비되는 백색양송이 와 갓이갈색을 띄는 갈색양송이로 구성된다. 특히 갈색양송이는크래미버섯, 베이비 포토벨로, 베이비벨라, 미니벨라, 포터벨리니, 로먼버섯, 이탈리아버섯 또는 갈색버섯등과 같은여러 이름으로 불리며 일반 버섯보다 크게 키워, 갓이 약간벌어진 형태의 버섯은 potobello라고 불린다. 우리나라에서는 갈색양송이는 병충해에 강해 과거 705 등을 재배하였으나 가격이 낮고 재배규모는 적어 학교급식을 납품하는 농가에서 소규모로 재배를 하고 있다.양송이는 다른 버섯과 달리 이차 자웅동주성(secondaryhomothalism)으로 한 담포자내에 두 개의 반수체핵(haploidnuclei) 을가지는다핵성(multinucleate) 지닌다. 이에따라 교잡을 하지 않아도 포자내에 화합성을 가진 두 개의 핵이 임성을 띄어 대다수의 담자포자가 자실체를 형성한다.이에교잡을위한동핵균주확보가어렵고, 교잡후꺽쇠연결체(clamp connection)가 형성되지 않아 교잡을 확인하기가 어렵다(Rapar and Raper, 1972). 현재까지 육종연구는돌연변이(Fritsche, 1965; Stoller and Stauffer, 1953), 교배(Elliott, 1978; Kneebone, 1972; Moessner, 1962), 원형질체분리(Horgen, 1991), 형질전환(Rhee et al, 1996; Chen etal, 2000; Tomas et al, 2001) 등이 이루어졌다. 동핵균주의

Biochemical Characterization of Agaricus bisporus Dikaryon Strains

Mushroom Research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Medicinal Crop RDA,Eumseong 369-874, KoreaABSTRACT: Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) strains from diverse origins were compared in this study to obtain basicinformation on their growth and biochemical properties that are helpful for breeding. Among 31 dikaryotic strains tested, moststrains showed better mycelial growth on oatmeal agar than on MEA and PDA. Mycelia of the mushroom strains revealed β-glucosidase activity the most clearly among the seven extracellular enzymes tested. All the strains showed protease activity, but β-glucosidase activity was found in 27 strains and xylanase activity was found in 30 strains. The activity of avicelase, CM-cellulase,amylase, and pectinase was detected in less than 20 strains. These results implied that enzymatic characteristics could be used asa criterion of strain selection for breeding study.KEYWORDS :

Characteristics and breeding of a new multi-generation oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) variety 'Dagul'

To develop a new variety of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus), parental strains was selected by the method of Mon-Mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2596(Suhan No.3) and ASI 2782(Black pileus mutant). The SB-73(ASI 2596-11 x 2782-8) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as `Dagul`. The `Dagul` was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth, fruiting body development and pH arrange were , and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about g which is almost 115% quantity compared to that of other variety Suhan No.3. And also the stipe is long and individual generation is multiple. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new variety `Dagul` showed different DNA bands as that of the control strains, Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers URP7 and Rcb1 were used. This new variety `Dagul` of oyster mushroom is characterized by multiple of individual generation and the stipe is long. We therefore expect that this new strain will increase of the income by cultivation of field.

Characteristics and breeding of a new cultivar Pleurotus eryngii, Seolsong

ABSTRACT  To develop a new cultivar of king oyster mushroom( Pleurotus eryngii ), G09-21 as parental strain wasselected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strain ASI 2824-21 derived from ASI 2824(Keun-neutari No. 2) and dikaryotic strain ASI 2887(Aeryni 3). The Pe21-53(G09-21-10 x ASI 2844-9) was shown the bestcultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and designated as ‘Seolsong’. The ‘Seolsong’ was distinctly formedincompatibility line in the confrontation growth of parental strains Keunneutari No. 2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844. Analysisof the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar ‘Seolsong’ showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains,Keunneutari No. 2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP4 wasused. The optimum temperature and pH arrange for mycelial growth were 25~30 o C and pH 5~8, respectively. This newcultivar ‘Seolsong’ of fruiting body production per bottle was about 131.4  43.1 g which is about 102% quantity com-pared to that of other cultivar Keunneutari No. 2. And also the stipe is thick and long, but the number of availablestipe is few. Particularly, it was tolerant of high moisture above 90% during the growth period after primodia for-mation. We therefore expect that this new strain will save of labor and cost of cultivation by without culling work.KEYWORDS

Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer 1 Based Characterization of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Strains

Abstract Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of Agaricus bisporus, two strains of A. bitorquis, and one strain of A. silvaticus, from 17 countries were used. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IGS1 rDNA in these 37 Agaricus strains confirmed that genetic variations exist, not only among the four domestic strains, but also between the four domestic strains and foreign strains. Crossing two different haploid strains of A. bisporus seems to generate genetic variation in the IGS1 region in their off-spring haploid strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS1 sequence revealed all A. bisporus strains could be differentiated from A. silvaticus and A. bitorquis strains. Five genetic groups were resolved among A. bisporus strains. Saejung and Saeyeon cultivars formed a separate genetic group. Our results suggest that IGS1 could be complementarily applied in the polymorphism analysis of button mushroom.

Genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-based Assay for Phylogenetic Relationship of the Flammulina velutipes

Genome-wide reanalyzed data of 25 Flammulina strains were compared against the reference genome (KACC42780) to establish a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The rate of mapping differences between the strains reflected in the strain variation in its result. Genome-wide SNPs distribution divided into types of homozygous SNP and heterozygous SNP moreover all of the strains demonstrated a wide variation in all of the regions. In the further study of topological relationship between the collected strains, phylogenetic tree was separated into 3 major groups. Group I contained F. velutipes var. related strains of ASI 4062, 4148, 4195. Group 2 contained strains that are different species of ASI 4188 F. elastica, ASI 4190 F. fennae, and ASI 4194 F. rossica. The other 19 strains F. velutipes were classified as a single group. However, further experiment to discriminate its genetic relationship between the white group and brown group did not verify its validity. The inferred tree exhibited a phylogenetic relationship between Korea white fruitbody forming strains of ASI 4210, 4166, 4178 and Japan white fruitbody forming strains of ASI 4209, 4167 confirmed to be genetically closely related.

Investigation of bacteria in indoor air of a greenhouse for button mushroom cultivation

ABSTRACT: Since button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation is performed in closed environment, the understanding ofindoor environment becomes essential for the quality and quantitative production of the greenhouse-grown mushroom. Togenerate information on indoor environmental factors affecting on fruiting body quality, we investigated temperature, humidity,and bacterial concentration and species in a greenhouse located in Buyeo, Chungnam Province. Temperature and humidity wererecorded as 19.75±0.35 O C and 87±3.67%, respectively. The total concentration of bacteria was measured as 3.84×103 CFU / M 3 .Advenella kashmirensis, Bacillus vietnamensism, B. licheniformis, Burkholderia sordidicola, Fictibacillus phosphorivorans, Lysobacterdaejeonensis, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. protegens, P. gessardii, P. mosseli were identified fromindoor air of the greenhouse. KEYWORDS: Button mushroom, Airborne bacteria, Greenhouse 서론 양송이는 전 세계에서 많은 양이 재배되고 소비되는 버섯 중 하나이다. 식용버섯으로서 양송이는 건조중량 대비19-38%의 단백질을 함유하고 있으며(Braaksma andSchaap, 1996), 재배환경을 조절하여 비타민 D를 생산할수 있는 것으로 보고가 되었다(Koyyalamudi et al, 2009).약리효과로는 양송이 섭취시 혈당과 콜레스테롤 수치 저하에 도움을 준다고 보고가 되었다(Jeong et al, 2010). 양송이는 퇴비배지를 이용하여 재배가 된다. 퇴비배지는 크게 2개 단계로 나누어서 준비가 된다. 첫 단계에서는 재료를 혼합하고 발효시키고 두 번째 단계에서는 발효가 된 배지를 저온살균하고 병원균이 없는 퇴비를 선정한다(Randle and Hayes, 1972; Ross and Harris, 1983;Bech, 1973). 후발효까지 진행된 배지에는 양송이 종균을접종하고 복토 후 재배에 들어간다. 양송이 재배에 있어서 퇴비발효는 중요한 부분을 차지하기 때문에 발효에 관한 연구는 다방면으로 많이 연구가 되어왔고 발효에 관여하는 미생물의 활력에 관해서도 많은 부분이 연구가 되어졌다(Adams and Frostick, 2008).양송이 재배는 외부환경과 차단된 재배사를 이용하여이루어진다. 따라서 환기가 불충분하고 습하며 기온이 높을 경우 재배사내 공기질이 저하되면서 실내공기 중에 부유하는 미생물의 증식이 활발하게 이루어질 수 있다. 미생물이 증식하면 대사 과정에서 생산하는 휘발성 물질에의해 세균을 전파하는 버섯파리 등의 유입이 발생하여 재배하는 버섯 자실체의 오염을 야기할 수 있다. 또한 증식된 미생물은 공기중에 부유하면서 에어로졸로 존재하여그 농도가 높아질 경우 버섯 재배자들이 미생물에 많이노출될 수 있다. 이 경우 호흡기 질환, 알레르기 질환, 인