Young-Sin Kim

Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Relationships and Structure among Korean Native Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers

Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds—Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black—are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources.

Analysis of Genetic Characteristics and Probability of Individual Discrimination in Korean Indigenous Chicken Brands by Microsatellite Marker

Microsatellite markers have been a useful genetic tool in determining diversity, relationships and individual discrimination studies of livestock. The level of genetic diversity, relationships among two Korean indigenous chicken brand populations (Woorimatdag: WR, Hanhyup3: HH) as well as two pure populations (White Leghorn: WL, Rhode Island Red: RIR) were analyzed, based on 26 MS markers. A total of 191 distinct alleles were observed across the four chicken populations, and 47 (24.6%) of these alleles were unique to only one population. The mean HExp and PIC were estimated as 0.667 and 0.630. Neis DA genetic distance and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the four populations represented four distinct groups. However, the genetic distance between each Korean indigenous chicken brand (WR, HH) and the pure population (WL, RIR) were threefold that among the WR and HH. For the STRUCTURE analyses, the most appropriate number of clusters for modeling the data was determined to be three. The expected probabilities of identity among genotypes of random individuals (PI) were calculated as 1.17×10 49 (All 26 markers) and 1.14×10 15 , 7.33×10 20 (9, 12 with the highest PI value, respectively). The results indicated that the brand chicken breed traceability system employing the own highest PI value 9 to 12 markers, and might be applicable to individual identification of Korean indigenous chicken brand. (Key words : Microsatellite, Genetic relationship, Korean indigenous chicken brand, Identification)

Effects of Feeding Levels of Concentrate on the Growth, Carcass Characteristics and Economic Evaluation in Feeds Based on Rice-straw of Korean Black Goats

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding levels of concentrate feed on growth performance, meat quality and economic evaluation of Korean black goats. The 40 male Korean native goat were divided into four treatment groups T1 (1.5%), T2 (2.0%), T3 (2.5% feeding of concentrate feed body weight per day) and T4 ( ab libitum ) with ab libitum rice straw. Rice straw intake decrease as against feeding levels, however average daily gains were 22, 50, 69 and 94 g/day in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively levels (p<0.05). Dressing percentage were 41.77, 42.78, 46.12 and 49.78% in each group (p<0.05), also fat percentage were a significant increase according to feeding levels. In economic efficacy, T4 was higher than other treatment groups. In conclusion, both rice straw and concentrate feed ab libitum are good for feeding and management system on Korean black goats.( Key words : Korean black goat, Growth performance, Carcass characteristics, Economic Evaluation)

Effects of Dietary Probiotic on Performance, Noxious Gas Emission and Microflora Population on the Cecum in Broiler

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of probiotics on the performance, nutrients digestibility, noxious gas emission and microflora population on the cecum of broilers. A total of 120 broilers, consisted of 4 treatments X 3 replicates X 10 broilers per replicates, were fed the experimental diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5C� probiotics for 5 weeks. Broilers fed the diets containing 0.1 and 0. 3C� probiotic had higher (px 0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion than those of the others from the 3rd to 4th week. Broilers fed 0.3C� probiotic had higher (px 0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion than those of the other levels from the 5th to 6th week. Broilers fed the diets containing 0.1% and 0.3C� probiotic had higher (px 0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion than those of the others from the 2nd to 6th week. Dry matter digestibility was significantly (px 0.05) improved with 0.3% probiotic. Emission of ammonia and sulfate hydrogen gas was significantly (px 0.05) decreased at 6th week. However, there was no (px 0.05) difference at the levels of 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% at the 4th weeks. There was an increase in the lactobacillus sp, but there was a decrease in the microflora population of coliforms in the cecum of broiler with 0.1% and 0.3% probiotics. These results indicated that the compound probiotics of 0.1q0.3% were effective in the body weight gain, feed conversion, nutrients digestibility, noxious gas emission and microflora population on the cecum

Effects of Dietary Wormwood (Artemisia montana Pampan) Powder Supplementation on Growing Performance and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weanling Pig

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary wormwood powder (Artemisia montana Pampan; WP) supplementation on growing performance and fecal noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. One hundred and twelve pigs were alloted into four treatments and offered for 4 weeks one of the diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5% (0.5), 1.0% (1.0) and 2.0% (2.0) WP. Each treatments has four replicate with 7 pigs per replicate. ADG, ADFI and F/G were improved by 1.0 and 2.0 WP supplementation during 0 dq14d feeding. Feed intake of 1.0 WP diet was higher (Px 0.05) than any other diet during 15dq28d feeding. But there were no differences among the other treatments in the weight gain and feed conversion. During the whole feeding period, daily weight gain and feed intake of pigs fed 1.0 and 2.0 treatments were higher than those of pigs fed control and 0.5 diet. DM digestibility was significantly (Px 0.05) higher in weanling pigs fed 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 WP than that of the control. The protein digestibility was significantly improved in 1.0 WP treatment and the phosphorus digestibility was improved in 2.0 WP treatment. Excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus was significantly (Px 0.05) decreased by 2.0 treatment than control. Emission of fecal ammonia after 48 hours storage in vinyl bag dramatically decreased by all the treatments except control. However, there was no statistical difference in fecal hydrogen sulfide emission among treatments. In conclusion, this study suggested that the dietary 1.0q2.0 supplementation of WP can improve productivity of pigs decrease fecal NH3 and H2S gas emission.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Korean Black Cattle Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene

The purpose of this study was to identify genetic polymorphisms of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA cyt b) gene in Korean black (KB) cattle breed and to analyze the genetic relationship between the KB and other breeds. We determined the complete sequence of the mtDNA cyt b gene in 38 KB cattle. We also analyzed their genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparison with Korean cattle (KC, called Hanwoo) and breeds from China and Japan. A nucleotide substitution was detected in the KB cattle, and two haplotypes were defined. In the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, the haplotypes of KB were located in Bos taurus lineage with those of KC, Japanese black (JB), Yanbian and Zaosheng breeds. However, the haplotypes of Chinese breeds, excluding Yanbian and Zaosheng, were separated into B. taurus and B. indicus lineages. In the NJ tree of breeds based on Dxy genetic distances, Chinese breeds mixed with B. taurus and B. indicus lineages were located between B. indicus and B. taurus lineages. KB was contained within B. taurus lineage and was determined to be genetically more closely related to two Chinese (Yanbian and Zaosheng) breeds than to KC and JB. The haplotype distribution and the results of the phylogenetic analysis suggest that KB and KC have genetic differences in their mtDNA cyt b gene sequences.

Detection of a distinct variation site for geographical classification of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup A in the domestic goat (Capra hircus)

Domestic goats (Capra hircus) are classified into six different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups (A, B, C, D, F, and G), of which haplogroup A shows worldwide distribution. However, there is currently no key for genetic and geographic classification of haplogroup A. In this study, we determined the complete sequences of the mtDNA control region from Korean native goat breeds. In addition, we compared these sequences with those of other domestic goat breeds/populations globally. A distinct variation site was found at position 717. Of two types (C and T) from this variation, C type sequences were found only in haplogroup A, and were specific to Eastern Asia. On the other hand, T type sequences were distributed in all haplogroups. Phylogenetic analysis divided the two types according to different phylogenetic locations. These results suggest that a variation in position 717 is a key for geographical classification of mtDNA haplogroup A. Moreover, these distribution patterns might provide for identification of the maternal origin of goat genetic resources, including Korean native goat breeds.

Effect of Feeding Levels of Concentrate on the Growth, Feed Availability and Economic Evaluation in Feeds Based on Rice-straw of Growing Black Goats

This study investigates the effect of a feed concentrate on the growth performance, feed requirement, and rearing expenses of growing black goats. Forty female growing black goats were divided into four groups and fed rice straw (ad libitum) mixed with different levels of the feed concentrate: T1 (1.5%), T2 (1.8%), T3 (2.1%), and T4 (0%, control). The average daily weight gain (body weight per day) was as follows: T1

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Korean Native Goat Populations by Microsatellite Markers

본 연구는 30개의 MS 마커를 이용하여 한국재래염소 3개 집단(당진, 장수, 통영)과 1개 농가집단을 대상으로 집단 내 및 집단간의 유전적 다양성, 계통유전학적 유연관계 분석 및 한국재래염소 3개 집단간의 유전적 균일성을 검증하여 우리 고유유전자원으로서의 가치를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 대립유전자형 분석 결과, 총...