Yu-Qing Liu

Bioinspired Underwater Superoleophobic Membrane Based on a Graphene Oxide Coated Wire Mesh for Efficient Oil/Water Separation.

Inspired from fish scales that exhibit unique underwater superoleophobicity because of the presence of micronanostructures and hydrophilic slime on their surface, we reported here the facile fabrication of underwater superoleophobic membranes by coating a layer of graphene oxide (GO) on commercially available wire meshes with tunable pore sizes. Using the wire mesh as a ready-made mask, GO-embellished mesh with open apertures (GO@mesh) could be readily fabricated after subsequent O2 plasma treatments from the back side. Interestingly, the congenital microstructures of the crossed microwires in combination with the abundant hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups of the GO layer endow the resultant GO@mesh with unique underwater superoleophobic properties. The antioil tests show that the underwater contact angles of various oils including both organic reagents (undissolved in water) and vegetable oil on GO@mesh exceed 150°, indicating the superoleophobic nature. In a representative experiment, a mixture of bean oil and water that imitates culinary sewage has been well separated with the help of our GO@mesh. GO-embellished wire meshes may find broad applications in sewage purification, especially for the treatment of oil contaminations.

Light-Mediated Manufacture and Manipulation of Actuators

Recent years have seen a considerable growth of research interests in developing novel technologies that permit designable manufacture and controllable manipulation of actuators. Among various fabrication and driving strategies, light has emerged as an enabler to reach this end, contributing to the development of actuators. Several accessible light-mediated manufacturing technologies, such as ultraviolet (UV) lithography and direct laser writing (DLW), are summarized. A series of light-driven strategies including optical trapping, photochemical actuation, and photothermal actuation for controllable manipulation of actuators is introduced. Current challenges and future perspectives of this field are discussed. To generalize, light holds great promise for the development of actuators.

Surface and Interface Engineering of Graphene Oxide Films by Controllable Photoreduction.

We report herein the engineering of the surface/interface properties of graphene oxide (GO) films by controllable photoreduction treatment. In our recent works, typical photoreduction processes, including femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW), laser holographic lithography, and controllable UV irradiation, have been employed to make conductive reduced graphene oxide (RGO) microcircuits, hierarchical RGO micro-nanostructures with both superhydrophobicity and structural color, as well as moisture-responsive GO/RGO bilayer structures. Compared with other reduction protocols, for instance, chemical reduction and thermal annealing, the photoreduction strategy shows distinct advantages, such as mask-free patterning, chemical-free modification, controllable reduction degree, and environmentally friendly processing. These works indicate that the surface and interface engineering of GO through controllable photoreduction of GO holds great promise for the development of various graphene-based microdevices.

Flame treatment of graphene oxides: cost-effective production of nanoporous graphene electrode for Lithium-ion batteries.

A facile production of highly porous graphene foam by using flame treatment of graphene oxide (GO) is proposed. Highly porous architectures with randomly distributed micro-crack and micro-slit were produced due to the high temperature induced ruinous reduction and rapid expansion of GO. Synchronously, abundant oxygen-containing groups (OCGs) on GO sheets could be effectively removed after flame treatment, which renders significantly increased conductivity to the resultant flame reduced GO (FR-GO). The synergistic effect of micro/nanostructuring and the OCGs removal makes FR-GO a promising candidate for electrode materials. Compared with chemically reduced GO (CR-GO), FR-GO delivers much higher specific capacity. It gives us some hints that flame treatment of graphene-based material is a smart strategy for cost-effective production of anode materials for commercial application.

Reed leaf-inspired graphene films with anisotropic superhydrophobicity

Controlling the wettability of graphene and its derivatives is critical for broader applications. However, the dynamic dewetting performance of graphene is usually overlooked. Currently, superhydrophobic graphene with an anisotropic wettability is rare. Inspired by natural reed leaves, we report an ingenious fabrication process combining photolithography and laser holography technologies to create biomimetic graphene surfaces that demonstrate anisotropic wettability along two directions of grooved hierarchical structures, which are similar to reed leaf veins. Microgrooved structures with a period of 200 μm were fabricated via photolithography to endow the substrate with an obvious anisotropic wettability. Two-beam laser interference treatments of the graphene oxide (GO) film on the grooved substrate removed most of the hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets and increased the surface roughness by introducing additional hierarchical micro-nanostructures. The combined effects endowed the resultant graphene films with a unique anisotropic superhydrophobicity similar to that of reed leaves. Superhydrophobic graphene surfaces with anisotropic antiwetting behavior might allow further innovations based on graphene in the fields of bionics and electronics.

Facile fabrication of moisture responsive graphene actuators by moderate flash reduction of graphene oxides films

We reported here a facile, green, and simple method to fabricate moisture-responsive graphene actuators by moderate flash reduction of graphene oxides (GO) films. Due to the limited light transparency and thermal relaxation, the oxygen containing groups (OCGs) on the GO sheets could be selectively removed from the radiation side, forming a photoreduction gradient along the lateral direction of the GO film. In this manner, we obtained a reduced GO (RGO)/GO bilayer film. The RGO/GO film can bend to the RGO side when exposed to moisture because RGO and GO layers show different absorption capabilities of water molecules. Taking advantage of this controllable deformation, we fabricated moisture-responsive actuators including a crawler and claw robots.

Facile Fabrication of High-Performance Humidity Sensors by Flash Reduction of GO

Graphene is a promising sensing material that has been widely used for high-performance sensors. However, the development of graphene-based sensing device is limited by complex manufacturing procedures. Here, we report a facile fabrication of humidity sensors by flash reduction of graphene oxides (GO) with the help of a photographic camera flash. The flash treatment triggers a drastic deoxygenation of oxygen functional groups (OCGs) from the GO sheets, which not only restores its conductivity partly but also induces the formation of a highly porous structure. The reduced GO sensor shows high sensitivity at the relative humidity atmosphere of 11%–95%, small hysteresis, rapid response, and enhanced durability. The sensitive mechanism was discussed through the investigation of complex impedance plots. This facile flash reduction strategy holds great promise for chemical-free production of graphene-based sensing devices.

Facile fabrication of flexible graphene FETs by sunlight reduction of graphene oxide

We reported here a facile fabrication of flexible graphene-based field effect transistors (FETs) by sunlight reduction of graphene oxide (GO) as channel material. As a mask-free and chemical-free method, sunlight photoreduction of GO without the use of any complex equipments is simple and green. The resultant FET demonstrated excellent electrical properties (e.g., an optimized Ion/Ioff ratio of 111, hole mobility of 0.17  cm2  V-1 s-1), revealing great potential for development of flexible microelectrics. Additionally, since the reduced GO channel could be fabricated by sunlight treatment between two pre-patterned electrodes, the process features post-fabrication capability, which makes it possible to integrate graphene-based devices with given device structures.