Yuanyu Cao

Isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite markers of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci in Fenneropenaeus penicillatus were isolated and characterized. Microsatellite polymorphism was tested by using 30 individuals from one wild population. The results showed that the number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism Information Content ranging from 3 to 7 and from 0.1813 to 0.6087, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.1379–0.2727 and 0.1308–0.5597, respectively. The loci identified in this study could provide a useful tool for ongoing population genetic structure analysis of F. penicillatus.

Isolation and characterization of eleven microsatellite loci in the marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus marmoratus (Scorpaenidae)

The marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, is an important commercially near-shore fish inhabiting littoral rocky bottoms from Japan to the East China Sea. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from S. marmoratus and the polymorphism of these loci was observed in 32 samples from one wild population. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.155 to 0.752. The levels of the observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.186–0.969 and 0.170–0.782, respectively. Only one locus (Sm3-63) deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite markers can provide a useful tool for further study on genetic diversity and conservation of S. marmoratus.

Isolation and characterization of twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Branchiostoma belcheri Gray (Amphioxus)

Branchiostoma belcheri Gray is an endangered species. A set of twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite loci was developed in B. belcheri Gray. The polymorphism of these loci was tested on a population of thirty individuals from Xiamen, China. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 7. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.309 to 0.778. The levels of expected and observed heterozygosities varied from 0.2449 to 0.7825, and from 0.1786 to 0.8571, respectively. Three loci (WCY4-22, WCY4-39, WCY5-17) deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci would contribute to population genetic studies and conservation of B. belcheri Gray.

Analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus populations using AFLP technology

Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (redtail shrimp) is an important marine commercial animal in China. Recently, its resources have been depleted rapidly as a result of, for example, over-exploitation and environmental degradation of spawning grounds. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine wild populations of F. penicillatus of China (Ningde, Lianjiang, Putian, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Nanao, and Shenzhen populations) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology, to provide genetic information necessary for resource protection, rejuvenation, artificial breeding, and sustainable use of the resource. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used for amplification, and 508 bands were detected among the populations. The results show that the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 41.34% to 63.58%; the Nei’s gene diversity (H) of the populations was 0.119 4–0.230 5; and Shannon’s Information Index (I) was 0.184 1–0.342 5. These genetic data indicate that the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus was high. The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST=0.216 2) and gene flow (Nm=1.812 4) show that there was a high level of genetic differentiation and a moderate level of gene flow among populations. More studies on the genetic differentiation mechanism of F. penicillatus along the south-eastern coast of China need to be conducted to find more effective scientific protection strategies for the conservation of F. penicillatus genetic resources.

Notice of Retraction The comparative study on the genetic diversity of the wild and cultured Haliotis asinina populations by RAPD technique

The genetic diversity of the wide and cultured Haliotis asinina populations was tested by RAPD technique. A total of 55 DNA bands were amplified by 12 effective primers in the wild and cultured H. asinina populations, and an average of 4.58 DNA bands were amplified by each primer. Our results suggested that the genetic diversity of H. asinina was high. The effective number of alleles, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Neis gene diversity and Shannons information index of the wild population was 1.5016, 78.18%, 0.2808 and 0.4132, respectively. And the effective number of alleles, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Neis gene diversity and Shannons information index of the cultured population was 1.4753, 72.73%, 0.2726 and 0.4025, respectively. The genetic diversity of the cultured population was lower than that of the wild population.

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Fenneropenaeus Penicillatus Populations by Allozyme Analyses

Genetic diversity was investigated using assay of vertical slab ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the nine populations of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus. The results showed high levels of genetic diversity in each of the nine F. penicillatus populations. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.3333 to 1.6667, with a average of 1.4148. And the mean effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.1447 to 1.2094, with a average of 1.1664. The average of percentage of polymorphic loci was 26.67%, ranging from 13.33% to 40.00%. The average of observed heterozygosity was 0.1380, ranging from 0.1311 to 0.1511, and the average of expected heterozygosity was 0.0866, ranging from 0.0720 to 0.1023. The coefficient of gene differentiation among populations is low, indicating that only 2.09% of the total genetic diversity comes from inter-population, while the remaining 97.91% comes from intra-population differences. The genetic distance among populations is 0.0002¿0.0049 and gene flow among the populations is large. The results suggest that genetic structure is very similar among the nine F. penicillatus populations studied.

Evaluating Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Marsupenaeus Japonicus Populations by Allozyme Analyses

Genetic diversity and differentiation were investigated using assay of vertical slab ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the nine populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus. The results showed high levels of genetic diversity in each of the nine M. japonicus populations. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.0000 to 1.0152, with a average of 1.0017, and the mean effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.1137 to 1.2012, with a average of 1.1463. the average of percentage of polymorphic loci was 18.18%, ranging from 13.64% to 22.73%, the average of observed heterozygosity was 0.0907, ranging from 0.0742 to 0.1121 and the average of expected heterozygosity was 0.0714, ranging from 0.0573 to 0.0930. The coefficient of gene differentiation among populations is low (0.0432), indicating that only 4.32% of the total genetic diversity comes from inter-population, while the remaining 95.68% comes from intra-population differences. The genetic distance among populations is 0.0002¿0.0123 and gene flow among the populations is large (5.5406). The results suggest that genetic structure is very similar among the nine M. japonicus populations studied.

Notice of Retraction Isolation and characterization of five new polymorphic microsatellite loci of coelomactra antiquata (Spengler)

Using the FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats) method, we constructed the (CA)n, (CT)n enriched library of the wild C. antiquata from Zhanggang, Fujian province. A total of 768 colonies were contained in the (CT)n enriched library of C. antiquata, 140 colonies, which size ranged from 500bp to 1200bp, were sequenced. 28 tandem repeat sequences (n≥5) were obtained, which contained 11 Minisatetllite sequences and 17 microsatellite sequences, and the rate of positive clones was 12.14%. Five new polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed, which will be helpful for population genetic structure of C. antiquata.

Notice of Retraction Genetic diversity and conservation strategies of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri (gray) populations

The genetic diversity of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri populations from Xiamen has been analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. High genetic diversity was detected among four B. belcheri populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.8870 to 1.8942 and the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.3692 to 1.3884. The percentage of polymorphic loci, the gene diversity index, and Shannons Information index ranged from 88.70 % to 89.42%, from 0.2326 to 0.2425 and from 0.3675 to 0.3825. The genetic differentiation was low. The GST value among four populations was 0.0240, the average genetic distance among the four populations ranged from 0.0062 to 0.0108, the gene flow among the four populations was 20.3717. The analysis of UPGMA clustered the four populations into two groups. Based on the genetic differentiation of the four populations and the distinctive ecological habit of B. belcheri, conservation strategies are given.

Notice of Retraction Isolation and characterization of ten new polymorphic microsatellite loci of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Ten new microsatellite loci for the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain were developed. The characteristics of these loci were examined in 30 individual from a wild population. The results showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8, and the polymorphism Information Content ranged from 0.062 to 0.841. And the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0667 to 0.667 and from 0.0644 to 0.8589, respectively. Thus, these microsatellite markers provide useful information for further genetic study.