Yuejing Zhang

Micromonospora zeae sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from corn root (Zea mays L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-gq9T, was isolated from corn root (Zea mays L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Micromonospora. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain NEAU-gq9T was most closely related to Micromonospora zamorensis CR38T (99.3%), Micromonospora jinlongensis NEAU-GRX11T (99.2%), Micromonospora saelicesensis Lupac 09T (99.2%), Micromonospora chokoriensis 2-19(6)T (98.9%), Micromonospora coxensis 2-30-b(28)T (98.6%) and Micromonospora lupini Lupac 14NT (98.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene demonstrated that strain NEAU-gq9T is a member of the genus Micromonospora and supported the closest phylogenetic relationship to M. zamorensis CR38T, M. jinlongensis NEAU-GRX11T, M. saelicesensis Lupac 09T, M. chokoriensis 2-19(6)T and M. lupini Lupac 14NT. A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization, morphological and physiological characteristics indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from the closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-gq9T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora zeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-gq9T (=CGMCC 4.7092T=DSM 45882T).

Micromonospora lycii sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from wolfberry root (Lycium chinense Mill).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-gq11T, was isolated from wolfberry root (Lycium chinense Mill) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NEAU-gq11T was observed to form rough-surfaced spores that borne singly on the substrate hyphae but aerial mycelia were not developed. The organism showed closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Micromonospora saelicesensis Lupac 09T (99.4%), and phylogenetically clustered with M. chokoriensis 2–19/6T (99.3%), ‘M. zeae’ NEAU-gq9T (99.3%), M. violae NEAU-zh8T (99.1%), ‘M. jinlongensis’ NEAU-GRX11T (99.1%), M. zamorensis CR38T (99.0%), M. taraxaci NEAU-P5T (98.9%) and M. lupini Lupac 14NT (98.6%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene sequences also indicated that the isolate clustered with the above type strains except M. violae NEAU-zh8T. The cell-wall peptidoglycan consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H2). The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acid was iso-C16:0. Furthermore, some physiological and biochemical properties and low DNA–DNA relatedness values enabled the strain to be differentiated from members of closely related species. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-gq11T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora lycii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-gq11T (=CGMCC 4.7149T=DSM 46703T).

Microbispora bryophytorum sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from moss (Bryophyta).

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-TX2-2(T), was isolated from moss and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The isolate was found to have morphological characteristics typical of the genus Microbispora . The isolate formed longitudinally paired spores on the tips of short sporophores that branched from aerial hyphae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence supported the assignment of the novel strain to the genus Microbispora , and strain NEAU-TX2-2(T) exhibited 99.08 and 98.62% gene sequence similarities to Microbispora amethystogenes JCM 3021(T) and Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea JCM 3006(T), respectively. However two tree-making algorithms supported the position that strain NEAU-TX2-2(T) formed a distinct clade with M. rosea subsp. rosea JCM 3006(T). A low level of DNA-DNA relatedness allowed the isolate to be differentiated from M. amethystogenes JCM 3021(T) and M. rosea subsp. rosea JCM 3006(T). Moreover, strain NEAU-TX2-2(T) could also be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives by morphological and physiological characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-TX2-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbispora for which the name Microbispora bryophytorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-TX2-2(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7138(T) = DSM 46710(T)).

Nonomuraea fuscirosea sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-dht8(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Nonomuraea. The G+C content of the DNA was 68.47 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain NEAU-dht8(T) was most closely related to Nonomuraea maheshkhaliensis 16-5-14(T) (99.31%), Nonomuraea kuesteri GW 14-1925(T) (98.77%), Nonomuraea coxensis JCM 13931(T) (98.71%), Nonomuraea wenchangensis 210417(T) (98.44 %), Nonomuraea bangladeshensis 5-10-10(T) (98.36%) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678(T) (98.0%); similarities to other species of the genus Nonomuraea were lower than 98%. Two tree-making algorithms based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a phyletic line with its closest neighbour N. maheshkhaliensis 16-5-14(T). However, the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness allowed the novel isolate to be differentiated from N. maheshkhaliensis 16-5-14(T). Strain NEAU-dht8(T) could also be differentiated from other species of the genus Nonomuraea showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98-98.77%) by morphological and physiological characteristics. Thus, strain NEAU-dht8(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea fuscirosea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-dht8(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7104(T) = DSM 45880(T)).

Streptomyces daqingensis sp. nov., isolated from saline–alkaline soil

A novel strain of actinobacteria, designated strain NEAU-ZJC8T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil collected from Heilongjiang Province, north-east China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NEAU-ZJC8T exhibited morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic features consistent with its classification as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. Growth occurred at 16-35 °C, pH 5.0-11.0 and in the presence of 0-11 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, galactose and ribose. Predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H8). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and two unidentified phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA was 72.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that strain NEAU-ZJC8T formed a distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces haliclonae DSM 41970T (98.56 % similarity) and Streptomyces marinus NBRC 105047T (97.96 % similarity). A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-ZJC8T could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-ZJC8T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces daqingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ZJC8T ( = CGMCC 4.7178T = JCM 30057T).

Plantactinospora veratri sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). Mycolic acids were not detected. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T).

Actinomycetospora rhizophila sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of a peace lily (Spathi phyllum Kochii).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-B-8(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a peace lily (Spathi phyllum Kochii) collected from Heilongjiang province, north-east China. Key morphological and physiological characteristics as well as chemotaxonomic features of strain NEAU-B-8(T) were congruent with the description of the genus Actinomycetospora , such as the major fatty acids, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NEAU-B-8(T) shared the highest sequence similarities with Actinomycetospora lutea JCM 17982(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Actinomycetospora chlora TT07I-57(T) (98.4 %), Actinomycetospora straminea IY07-55(T) (98.3%) and Actinomycetospora chibensis TT04-21(T) (98.2%); similarities to type strains of other species of this genus were lower than 98%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NEAU-B-8(T) formed a distinct branch with A. lutea JCM 17982(T) that was supported by a high bootstrap value of 97% in the neighbour-joining tree and was also recovered with the maximum-likelihood algorithm. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NEAU-B-8(T) and A. lutea JCM 17982(T) was found to be 50.6 ± 1.2%. Meanwhile, strain NEAU-B-8(T) differs from other most closely related strains in phenotypic properties, such as maximum NaCl tolerance, hydrolysis of aesculin and decomposition of urea. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, we conclude that strain NEAU-B-8(T) represents a novel species of the genus Actinomycetospora , named Actinomycetospora rhizophila sp. nov. The type strain is NEAU-B-8(T). ( = CGMCC 4.7134(T) =DSM 46673(T)).