Yukihiko Mitsui

An electromyographic study of esotropia.

Under general anaesthesia the eye position of esotropia generally moved divergently. When retrobulbar anaesthesia was added bilaterally, the eye position moved further in the same direction. In the electromyogram under general anaesthesia the 4 horizontal recti were silent in controls. In many cases of esotropia, however, both medial recti showed a considerable amount of discharge under general anaesthesia. When retrobulbar anaesthesia was superimposed on one eye, the discharge from its medial rectus tapered off and, reciprocally, that of the opposite eye increased. These facts may suggest that proprioception plays in the development of esotropia.

DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOLOGY OF TRACHOMA AGENT IN THE YOLK SAC CELL AS REVEALED BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The trachoma agent cultivated in the yolk sac of the chick embryo was examined by electron microscopy. A reticulated matrix is seen as a precursor of viral forms in the cytoplasm of the yolk sac cell 18 hours after inoculation. The matrix consists of fine filaments 100 A in width, which resemble chromosome fibrils. The matrix has no limiting membrane and no inner particles. In the next few hours the matrix is surrounded by a double membrane and forms a giant body (plaque by light microscopy) 1–5 μ in diameter. An inclusion cavity develops surrounding the giant body. The cavity is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Forty-eight hours after inoculation large bodies (initial bodies by light microscopy) 0.5–1 μ in diameter predominate in the inclusion cavity. Each large body has a double outer membrane and a reticulated inner substance with slightly higher electron density than the giant body. Some internal structure is suggested in the reticulated substance. Seventy-two hours after inoculation elementary bodies 0.3–0.5 μ in diameter predominate. Each elementary body has a single membrane, a nucleoid, and a viroplasm. The nucleoid consists of coiled filaments 50 A in width which resemble DNA filaments in bacterial nucleoplasm. The mode of the development of the trachoma agent seems to be similar to viral replication. Elementary bodies seem to result from developmental forms by subdivision of the latter, but the subdivision seems to be different from bacterial binary fission.

Trachoma and Inclusion Conjunctivitis Agents: Adaptation to HeLa Cell Cultures.

The Mita-, Bour-, and Kami-strains of trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis agents became adapted to serial passages in HeLa cell cultures after alternating passages between yolk sacs and tissue culture.

An electromyographic study on the effect of prifinium bromide in esotropia

The Gunkel chromograph was tested on 81 volunteers with normal color vision as indicated by screening with Ishihara plates and the panel D-15. Most of these color normals located their neutral area superior to the geometric center of the chromogram. A minority located their neutral area at the geometric center. Recognition of this variation may prevent misdiagnosis of chromographs of patients suspected of having color vision defects. All 29 eyes with history and VEP findings consistent with optic nerve demyelinization had enlargement of the neutral area, even though visual acuity could be corrected to 20/20.

Electromyographic Study of the Optomotor Effect in Exotropia Under General Anesthesia

In cases of exotropia, prolonged administration of prifinium bromide caused firing from both lateral recti under general anesthesia. This firing disappeared in two to three minutes when the room was kept completely dark. When one eye was spot-lighted after the period of darkness, firing re-appeared from the contralateral lateral rectus. This reaction was strictly limited to the contralateral eye and the lag time until firing re-appeared was considerably shorter when the master eye was spot-lighted than when the slave eye was spot-lighted. The firing of both lateral recti disappeared when retrobulbar anesthesia was applied to the master eye. It is supposed that firing from the lateral recti of cases of exotropia under general anesthesia after treatment with prifinium is the result of interaction between the proprioceptive afferent and visual inputs, the former being the signal and the latter facilitating transmission of this signal.

Untersuchungen über Trachom

In zwei am Menschen durchgeführten Versuchen gelang der Nachweis, daß ein natürliches Trachomvirus von hoher Menschenpathogenität durch ein vom Kaninchen gewonnenes Immunserum gegen das im Mäusegehirn fixierte Virus vollständig neutralisiert wird.

Electron-Microscopic Study of Chlamydozoon Trachomatis

NOTHING is known with certainty regarding the electron-microscopic finding of the trachoma virus, Chlamydozoon trachomatis. Trials to demonstrate the virus by means of the electron microscope have been made by several Japanese investigators during the past few years. The only finding with a suspicious virus shadow, however, was that obtained by Ito and others (1951), and that obtained by one of us (Tsutsui, 1951). It was then supposed by another of the present authors (Y. M.) that the failure might have been due to an inadequate selection of conjunctival materials. It is not easy to get more than 100 mg. of conjunctival tissue from a single case of trachoma; in addition, the causative agent is believed to exist only in the epithelial layer of this tissue. An electron-microscopic examination cannot be performed adequately, therefore, unless materials with the highest concentration of the virus have been used. Inclusion bodies apparently indicate the virus, so that cases with innumerable inclusions should be used for the investigation, but despite the high trachoma index in Japan such cases are comparatively rare. A few such cases were encountered in the course of a study of the mass treatment of trachoma with terramycin (Mitsui, Tanaka, and others, 1951). The material was sent for electron-microscopic examination to the third author (J. T.) together with some control material in 50 per cent. glycerol.

Stereoscopic Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Pseudomonas Keratitis

This paper deals with stereoscopic scanning electron microscopy of Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. For this experiment we employed a technique of Pseudomonas inoculation which uniformly produced hypopyon keratitis in rabbits as reported elsewhere.