Seiji Arakawa

Studies on primary atypical pneumonia virus

1. The virus of primary atypical pneumonia can be isolated and fixed by the mouse-intracerebral as well as the chorioallantoic membrane inoculations. 2. Patient sera at initial febrile stage did not neutralize this fixed virus, but the neutralizing power increased following the passage of time. 3. All the three fixed strains proved immunoserologically as the same. 4. Complement fixation test for the convalescent serum with the fixed virus is suitable not only for identification of the virus, but also for clinical diagnosis. 5. Monkeys (Macaca fuscata) inoculated with this fixed virus showed a comparable X-ray photograph as in the human beings. 6. Size of the virus is estimated as 52–82 mμ by ultrafiltration and 100–200 mμ by electron microscopy. The virus of primary atypical pneumonia can be isolated and fixed by the mouse-intracerebral as well as the chorioallantoic membrane inoculations. Patient sera at initial febrile stage did not neutralize this fixed virus, but the neutralizing power increased following the passage of time. All the three fixed strains proved immunoserologically as the same. Complement fixation test for the convalescent serum with the fixed virus is suitable not only for identification of the virus, but also for clinical diagnosis. Monkeys (Macaca fuscata) inoculated with this fixed virus showed a comparable X-ray photograph as in the human beings. Size of the virus is estimated as 52–82 mμ by ultrafiltration and 100–200 mμ by electron microscopy. These studies were aided by the Ministry of Welfare in 1951 and by the Ministry of Education in 1954.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MEASLES VIRUS

1. The measles virus can be isolated and fixed to mouse after 5 to 8 serial passages on to the chorio-allantoic membrane of developing chick embryo. Such results were obtained with one strain in 1955, and with five strains in 1957. No virus was isolated by intracerebral inoculation with control saline-passaged chick embryo material to mice of the same litter as used for inoculation of the patients serum passaged material. 2. The newly isolated strains showed common antigenicity with Ohki strain isolated and identified in 1951 by virus neutralization and complement fixation tests. 3. Sera taken from patients with the lapse of days, showed the rise and fall of neutralizing and complement fixing antibodies against the mouseadapted measles virus. The measles virus can be isolated and fixed to mouse after 5 to 8 serial passages on to the chorio-allantoic membrane of developing chick embryo. Such results were obtained with one strain in 1955, and with five strains in 1957. No virus was isolated by intracerebral inoculation with control saline-passaged chick embryo material to mice of the same litter as used for inoculation of the patients serum passaged material. The newly isolated strains showed common antigenicity with Ohki strain isolated and identified in 1951 by virus neutralization and complement fixation tests. Sera taken from patients with the lapse of days, showed the rise and fall of neutralizing and complement fixing antibodies against the mouseadapted measles virus.

Experimental Study on Measles Virus. 5th Report: Immuno-Serological Examination of Mouse-Adapted Measles Virus.

1. It was observed in 1953 and in 1955, that convalescent sera of measles taken from patients several times following the disease-days showed the formation of antibodies for neutralization and complement fixation. 2. Sera of patients, inmates or parents who showed no symptoms of measles, showed a gradual increase in titers of neutralization and complement fixation antibodies against the mouse-adapted measles virus. 3. Sera of 107 measles patients taken in 1956 to 1957, successively 3 to 5 times at various intervals during the course of illness were subjected to complement fixation test using antigen prepared from the mouse adapted measles virus. It was observed in 1953 and in 1955, that convalescent sera of measles taken from patients several times following the disease-days showed the formation of antibodies for neutralization and complement fixation. Sera of patients, inmates or parents who showed no symptoms of measles, showed a gradual increase in titers of neutralization and complement fixation antibodies against the mouse-adapted measles virus. Sera of 107 measles patients taken in 1956 to 1957, successively 3 to 5 times at various intervals during the course of illness were subjected to complement fixation test using antigen prepared from the mouse adapted measles virus. Out of 107 patients, 75 developed specific antibodies against measles. The appearance of the antibodies was observed mostly within 3 months after contraction and its disappearance within the period from 4 to 6 months. No difference was noted between the two sexes in regard to the rate of complement fixation, but when classified by age it was comparatively lower in the age group under 3 years as compared with that over 3 years. Similar antibody response was usually observed among members of the same family.

Untersuchungen über Trachom

In zwei am Menschen durchgeführten Versuchen gelang der Nachweis, daß ein natürliches Trachomvirus von hoher Menschenpathogenität durch ein vom Kaninchen gewonnenes Immunserum gegen das im Mäusegehirn fixierte Virus vollständig neutralisiert wird.

Untersuchungen ber Trachom: IV. Mitteilung: Nachweis von trachomspezifischen Einschlukrperchen im Hhnerembryo

1. Menschliches oder murin adaptiertes Trachomvirus kann durch die Verimpfung auf die Chorioallantois-Membran auf Hühnerembryonen übertragen werden, falls die Bebrütung der Eier bei erniedrigter Temperatur (+ 35–36° C) vorgenommen wird. 2. Die Infektion der Hühnerembryonen manifestiert sich im Auftreten von conjunctivalen Einschluβlörperchen sowie von Initialkörperchen nach Lindner. 3. Der trachomspezifische Charakter der erzeugten Einschluβkörperchen konnte durch die erfolgreiche Hemmung mit Immunseren verschiedener Provenienz nachgewiesen werden. Menschliches oder murin adaptiertes Trachomvirus kann durch die Verimpfung auf die Chorioallantois-Membran auf Hühnerembryonen übertragen werden, falls die Bebrütung der Eier bei erniedrigter Temperatur (+ 35–36° C) vorgenommen wird. Die Infektion der Hühnerembryonen manifestiert sich im Auftreten von conjunctivalen Einschluβlörperchen sowie von Initialkörperchen nach Lindner. Der trachomspezifische Charakter der erzeugten Einschluβkörperchen konnte durch die erfolgreiche Hemmung mit Immunseren verschiedener Provenienz nachgewiesen werden.