Yun-Ja Nam

Fit evaluation of 3D virtual garment

Fitting in the real world can be reflected in cyber space for 3D virtual fitting simulation technology to be used by the tool for fit estimating. This study examined objectiveness and correctness of the information on clothing fit using 3D virtual garment simulated. Subjects were selected in various BMI. The patterns (skirt & slacks) were developed in the sizes of each subject. The garments were constructed from the patterns. Sensory test was done to compare the virtual garment with the real garment and the vacant space between skin and garment was calculated. As a result, the appearance of the virtual garment did not express pulling and wrinkles. The vacant space of the virtual garment did not have influence upon the gravity to produce space at the place where the garment covered human body not to make actual appearance.

A method for garment pattern generation by flattening 3D body scan data

The purposes of this study are to manufacture a flat pattern according to silhouettes through the Surface Flattening process of a triangle by the grid method, and to verify the result to present the method for manufacturing patterns according to designs. Based on the data measured by Size Korea, this study modeled a representative figure ranging from 18 year-old to 24 year-old female, modified the modeled body shapes to a semi-fit silhouette and loose-fit silhouette and did the surface flattening development. We manufactured patterns according to silhouettes and analyzed the area differences between 3D- piece and flat patterns and the deviation between a muslin scan data manufactured by a flat pattern and modeled data. The result of the surface flattening development by the method can be utilized for manufacturing garment patterns by converting a 3D scan data into 2D pattern and proved to be excellent at piece re-creating because the result did not show a big difference from a modeled silhouette.

A Study of 3D Virtual Fitting Model of Men's Lower Bodies in Forties by Morphing Technique.

With rapid expansion in e-retailing of apparel business, personalized fitting model service shows the possibility as the differentiated marketing strategy in cyber shopping. According as necessity of personalized fitting model construction rises, it is tried personalized fitting model creation in several fields such as computer engineering, mechanical engineering, information engineering. But, because existent study was concentrated only on human body modeling, it does not reflect average morphological characteristics of human body properly. In this study, we wish to examine if morphing is fit for expressing characteristic of average human body shape and suggest desirable morphing. We used 3-D scan data of 254 Korean middle aged men collected by Size Korea 2004. The result of this study are as follows: Lower body types were categorized by height hip girth and lower drop(hip girth-navel girth) which were main factors of lower body shape. Then each factor was divided into 3 groups respectively, 30% in the middle, over 30%, under 30%. In 27 groups, the group which belonged to 30% in the middle of height, 30% in the middle of hip girth, 30% in the middle of lower drop was selected as a representative group. We tested geometrical figure by differ volume, tilt, position of point. And we created a representative type of men`s lower bodies by morphing the representative group and analyzed it`s horizontal, vertical sections. A representative type which was created by morphing reflected a real body and changed realistically at the part of hip, crotch, calf muscle and so on. A cross sections of a representative type were similar to average cross sections of the representative group in size and shape. So it was proved that morphing was successful.

Development of a Representative Model for Different Body Shapes of 18-24 Aged Women - An Application of a 3D Morphing Technique -

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to classify body types into different groups based on 3D scanned data, and identifythe representative body shapes that most frequently appear in the groups. A high frequency range was defined based onbody measurement data, and representative shapes were identified based on body scan data of women aged 18-24. Themajor findings of this study are as follows. First, the three typical types of height, bust and drop mixes among Koreanwomen aged 18-24 are as follows:) 155-88-N,) 160-82-A, and 165-85-A. Regarding the body type, the A and N types fre-quently appeared, while the H type was rare. Second, among the subjects of the high-frequency groups, upright bodieswere selected as sample models and were used for morphing. An adjustment was made to the morphing results to reflectthe body characteristics of the sample models evenly. Third, to verify the morphing results, the body sizes of the samplemodels and the created models were compared. The result showed that, the sizes were close to the average size of thesample models. Fourth, to verify whether the morphing processes adequately reflected the features of the body shapes,cross-section models of key body parts were made and the degree of representativeness was determined. Key words: 3D Morphing Technique, Representative Shape, 3D scanned data

A Comparison of Satisfaction for Actual Body and Perceived Body between Korean and Mongolian Female College Students

This study compares the body sizes of Korean and Mongolian female college students, their perceptions about body size, and body satisfaction based on similar cultural backgrounds. The subjects consisted of 164 Korean students and 171 Mongolian students from March to April, 2008. The age range was 17 to 22 years. We directly measured the body sizes of subjects and examined by questionnaire the degree of body cathexis, perceived body size, and ideal body size. Both Korean and Mongolian college students have similar body measurements but Korean college students have smaller heads, broader and slopped shoulders, and thinner arms and legs. There were insignificant differences in perceived body size for both groups; in particular they perceived that their lower body is fat or thick. However, there were differences in body satisfaction. Both groups had the lowest satisfaction rate for their lower bodies; but in all items, Korean college students had a lower body satisfaction rate than Mongolian college students even though they have thinner arms and legs. Finally, the ideal body style for both groups was a skinny body type, but Korean students preferred a much thinner body type. The body satisfaction rate is greatly affected by the ideal body than the actual body.

Parametric virtual lower body of elderly women for apparel industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a virtual body that resembles the customer’s body shape using only the minimum information provided by the customer and without requiring individually scanned data. Design/methodology/approach – The target of this study includes the three-dimensional scanned data of 91 senior women aged 60 or older and human body measurement data of 268 people. The parametric virtual body was generated in three steps: a basic virtual body, a trans-shaped virtual body, and a trans-sized virtual body. Findings – Using organic relationships found in the body shape factors of the lower body, this study developed an algorithm to generate elderly women’s parametric virtual lower body that is quick and reproducible. Having tested the reproducibility of the algorithm, the parametric virtual body showed excellent reproducibility vis-a-vis the personal scanned data in both the shape acceptability and size acceptability. Originality/value – Because virtual bodies in this study are ba...

Basic Research for 3D Virtual Clothing Simulation of Traditional Korean Dang`ui Costumes -A Focus on Issues Occurring in the Course of a 3D Virtual Presentation that Uses the Qualoth for Maya Program-

This research examines the possibilities of a traditional costume revival and digital exhibition as well as the application of 3D virtual clothing modeling data in order to preserve and record a disappearing costume heritage to realize it as a social education tool through the newly emerging technology of 3D virtual clothing. A 3D revival of costumes worn by royal families and aristocrats was accomplished through the 3D animation and simulation technology of Maya 2011 (Autodesk, Inc.) and Qualoth (FX Gear, Inc.). The simulation shows the possibility of a 3D revival and digital exhibition of costume heritage. However, further technology support to analyze and realize the composition and design is still necessary to develop the digital contents of traditional garment culture that includes skirt pleats, petticoat silhouettes, that exaggerates the skirts and knots of traditional upper garments (Jeogori). Further studies on design attributes of historic costumes and the upgrading of 3D simulation software are required to realize 3D virtual clothing. Korean traditional costumes will be revived as a cultural content in the digital era as a result of outstanding issues detected by this study.

Classification of Head Shape and 3-dimensional Analysis for Korean Women

The objectives of this study were to classify the head shapes of Korean men and to suggest computer tomography as a new body measurement method. The 23 head measurement items of 760 men, aged more than 18 in Sizekorea 2004 database were used to analyze, measured by using statistical methods. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and duncan test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised 70.91% for the total variances. The head and face shapes were categorized as 5 types-triangle, round, oval, long, rectangle. We decided for the type 1(triangle) to standard head shape since this type was the most observed. 21 participants were measured using computed tomography(CT). The measured data of skin and skeleton and the standard head shapes were illustrated.

Interactive 3D Pattern Design Using Real-time Pattern Deformation and Relative Human Body Coordinate System

Garment design needs an iterative manipulation of 2D patterns to generate a final sloper. Traditionally there have been two kinds of design methodologies such as the flat pattern method and the pattern draping method. But today, it is possible to combine the advantages from the two methods due to the realistic cloth simulation techniques. We devised a new garment design system which starts from 3D initial drape simulation result and then modifies the garment by editing the 2D flat patterns synchronously. With this interactive methodology using real-time pattern deformation technique, the designer can freely change a pattern shape by watching its 3D outlook in real-time. Also the final garment data were given relative coordinates with respect to the human anthropometric feature points detected by an automatic body feature detection algorithm. Using the relative human body coordinate system, the final garments can be re-used to an arbitrary body data without repositioning in the drape simulation. A female shirt was used for an example and a 3D body scan data was used for an illustration of the feature point detection algorithm.

An Exploratory Study on the Proportion of the Male Body According to Obesity

This study investigates the progress of obesity in men from childhood to adulthood, by analyzing the measurement references from the 5th Size Korea. It also seeks to analyze the characteristics of obese figures through the comparison of body proportions to normal-weight people, to provide a basic reference for the development of new size categories and improved pattern grading. The age range is divided into three groups: children (2-7), teenagers (13-18), and adults (19-39). The results of research into the characteristics of body proportions of obese figures and the classification of different figure groups of obese people are as follows. The ratio between width and circumference for each part of the body was investigated according to body weight that was grouped into three different categories of low, normal, and obese body weights. The result demonstrated that in all the ranges of age, the obese groups had the lowest ratio between width and circumference in having a thick body shape. According to the results that compared the ratio of the circumference of each body part divided by the waist circumference, the obese group showed a low ratio that indicates that they have a bigger waist circumference than other parts of the body. Two factors are identified as contributing to obesity in analyzing the ratio of the circumference of body parts divided by waist circumference. Using the factor loadings of the upper and lower body obesity, a cluster analysis was carried out and three different categories of obesity were defined; lower body obesity, abdominal obesity, and upper body obesity. The obese groups of children and teenagers were mostly in body shape with lower obesity and abdominal obesity, whereas the adults group showed the obesity present in the upper body obesity that have fewer cases in lower body obesity.