Yves Pigneur

Towards a holistic analysis of mobile payments: A multiple perspectives approach

Abstract As mobile technologies and services are in constant evolution, many speculate on whether or not mobile payments will be a killer application for mobile commerce. To have a better understanding of the market, there is a need to analyze not only the technology but also the different actors that are involved. For this purpose, we propose to conduct two disruption analyses to draw the disruptiveness profile of mobile payment solutions compared to other payment instruments. Then, we try to discover what factors have hindered the technical and commercial development by using a DSS based on a multi-criteria decision making method called Electre I.

4 – An ontology for e-Business models

Business models have become more complex with the emergence of new and affordable information and communication technologies (ICTs). Companies increasingly act in networks and offer complex value proposition through a multitude of distribution channels. For managers it is ever harder to keep track of how their companies really work and how and where exactly the money is made. Of course every manager and entrepreneur does have an intuitive understanding of how his business works and how value is created. In other words he does have an intuitive understanding of the company’s business model, but even though this business model influences all important decisions, in many cases she or he is rarely able to communicate it in a clear and simple way (Linder and Cantrell 2000). And how can one decide on a particular business issue or change it, if it is not clearly understood by the parties involved? In this chapter we will try to tackle the business model issue and construct and outline the sketch of an ontology (rigorous framework) for e-business models based on an extensive literature review. We aim at showing how the fusion of the ideas in business model literature and the ideas of enterprise ontologies creates an appropriate basis for the development of a range of new management tools in the e-business domain. By merging the conceptually rich business model approach with the more rigorous ontological approach and by applying them to e-business, we achieve an appropriate foundation for tools that would allow the understanding, sharing and communication, change, measuring and simulation of e-business models. In the next section we give an overview of related work. As shown by Linder (Linder and Cantrell 2000), most people speak about business models when they really only mean parts of a business model. We think that the existing business model literature essentially attacks one, two or rarely all of the following three elements, which make up a business model: revenue and product aspects, business actor and network aspects and finally, marketing specific aspects. We propose an e-business model ontology that highlights the relevant e-business issues and elements that firms have to think of, in order to operate successfully in the Internet era. An ontology is nothing else than a rigorously defined framework that provides a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and heterogeneous and widely spread application systems (Fensel 2001). We suggest adopting a framework which emphasizes on the following issues that a business model has to address: - [Product innovation] What business the company is in, the product innovation and the value proposition offered to the market? - [Customer relationship] Who the companys target customers are, how it delivers them the products and services, and how it builds a strong relationships with them? - [Infrastructure management] How the company efficiently performs infrastructure or logistics issues, with whom, and as what kind of virtual enterprise? and finally,

An Assessment of NFC for Future Mobile Payment Systems

In this paper, we present an assessment of NFC (near field communication) for future mobile payment systems. NFC is expected to become a very trendy technology for mobile services, more specifically for mobile payments. The objective of our paper is to evaluate in a systematic manner the potential of NFC as an upcoming technology for mobile payments. In order to ensure the rigor of our research, we used a formal and structured approach based on multi-actor multi-criteria methods. Our research provides one of the first assessment of NFC and a realistic picture of the current Swiss situation as we involved numerous mobile payment experts. Our findings show that Swiss industry experts are quite enthusiastic about the future of NFC.

Object-Oriented Information Systems

This chapter focuses on information systems and in particular research trends in Object-oriented Information Systems and Business Information Technology. The paper outlines the foundations of Object-oriented Information Systems and Business Information Technology. The domain of Object Oriented Information Systems is analysed and a generic structure of OOIS as a branch of computer science is derived. The domain of Business Information Technology is analysed and presented within the context of the Business and Information Systems. It defines both information and information systems from computing and business perspectives and shows how current information systems fit into this area. This paper looks at the foundations and research trends in these multi-disciplinary areas.

A Disruption Analysis in the Mobile Payment Market

Mobile payments are predicted to have a bright future as m-commerce becomes more popular. However, this promising application has not been as successful as anticipated. This can be partially explained by the infancy of the market and a lack of standards. Moreover, technological and business issues create a market uncertainty that mobile network operators and financial institutions have difficulties managing. Thus, the evolution of the mobile payment market is subject to many speculative scenarios. This paper analyzes two possible disruptions of the mobile payment market.

Near field communication: an assessment for future payment systems

In this paper, we present an assessment of near field communication (NFC) in the context of a payment market. During these past years, we have been witnessing a number of mobile payment trials based on NFC. Early experiences are already quite encouraging and many expect NFC to become a highly efficient and effective technology for mobile payments. The objective of our research is to evaluate in a systematic manner the potential of NFC as an upcoming technology for mobile payments. In order to ensure the rigor of our research, we used a formal and structured approach based on multi-actor multi-criteria methods. Our research provides one of the first assessment of NFC and a realistic picture of the current Swiss situation as we involved numerous mobile payment experts. Our findings show that Swiss industry experts are quite enthusiastic about the future of NFC.

Analyzing the M-Business Landscape

The m-business landscape never stops to change and the impacts on the mobile market are constant as players reposition themselves on the market according to the new opportunities and threats brought by rapid technological developments. This paper provides a conceptual tool to better understand this player arena and its objective is threefold. The first one is to analyze the role of the key actors using ontology for defining and assessing their business models. The second objective is to analyze and visualize the interaction of actors with each other from a value system perspective. The final objective is to evaluate and represent the dependencies of the actors, their strategies and their convergence or divergence on different issues by using an approach borrowed from policy making.RésuméLe paysage du commerce par terminaux mobiles (m-business) n’arrête pas d’évoluer et les acteurs présents sur ce marché ou champ de bataille ont de la peine à trouver leurs marques. Au dire de certains experts, les opportunités seraient nombreuses; l’histoire récente a rappelé que les menaces et les erreurs de gestion ne manquaient pas. Cet article suggère un outil conceptuel pour mieux appréhender le paysage du m-business sous différents angles. L’objectif est triple: il s’agit dans un premier temps d’analyser le rôle, la position et les perspectives des différents acteurs, à l’aide notamment d’une meilleure compréhension de leur modèle d’entreprise. Cette étude peut alors être prolongée par une analyse et une visualisation des systèmes de valeur et autres configurations d’activités, ainsi que de leur évolution. Le dernier objectif est de proposer quelques pistes pour évaluer et représenter les dépendances entre les acteurs et leurs convergences ou divergences, par rapport à quelques enjeux majeurs de ce marché.

Mobile customer relationship management: an explorative investigation of the Italian consumer market

Mobile customer relationship management (CRM) services seem to have all the characteristics commonly associated with successful mobile services and have accordingly been predicted to be among the most promising. However, real development of this sector has not been well explored so far, especially in relation to the actual supply of mobile CRM services to the public. The purpose of this paper is to reduce this gap by giving a first snapshot of the current development of the supply of mobile CRM services to consumers taken in the context of the Italian market. In order to do so, it firstly proposes a conceptual framework indicating the relevant aspects to investigate for assessing this kind of environments: the market, value propositions, actors and issues. Then it applies this framework to get an overview of the supply of mobile CRM services in Italy and provides some empirical insight about its current development obtained through an exhaustive survey of the current supply of 750 services from 353 firms.

Why Mobile Payments Fail? Towards a Dynamic and Multi-Perspective Explanation

Despite optimistic expectations fast diffusion of mobile payments has not taken place after a decade of trials. Several explanations to this situation have been put forward using several theories and levels of analysis. Due to the complexity and dynamism of the diffusion we need multiple perspectives to account for diffusion challenge. We juxtapose three frameworks into a dynamic analysis framework. We apply the proposed framework to explain three failed introductions of mobile payments in the Swiss market. In particular, a recent ambitious trial is confronted with the proposed framework to detect roots of its failure. Our analysis suggests that market-level and behavioral facets need more attention in future in explaining mobile payment diffusion. To guide future efforts we propose several avenues for further research.

Supporting business model modelling: a compromise between creativity and constraints

Diagrams and tools help to support task modelling in engineering and process management. Unfortunately they are unfit to help in a business context at a strategic level, because of the flexibility needed for creative thinking and user friendly interactions. We propose a tool which bridges the gap between freedom of actions, encouraging creativity, and constraints, allowing validation and advanced features.