Zainul Mukrim Baharuddin

Phycoremediation: Islamic Value System Toward Environmental Sustainability

Phycoremediation offers an effective way for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Phycoremediation offers a favorable solution to tertiary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth. Indeed, for their capacity to remove heavy metals, as well as some toxic organic compounds does not lead to secondary pollution. The present research was attempted to reduce the heavy metal pollutants from the mixture of artificial wastewater samples using cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). It expresses less harm to human, animal, and plant health, as well as damage to the world as parallel with the objective of Maqasid Syariah, to preserve and protect life (nafs). The research was conducted by developing two phases which were algae culturing and phycoremediation model system. Pseudanabaena and Synechococcus were cultivated in Bold’s Basal medium in optimum condition. Three mixture of different heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cr, Cd, Al, and Cu) were tested. The treatments were run at three concentration of heavy metals, 1, 2, and 3 mg/L for 4 weeks in the treatment room, which every week the samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The result of present investigation clearly indicated that Synechococcus was highly efficient for removal of Pb > Cr > Fe > Cu > Al > Cd respectively compared to Pseudanabaena. Amongst the selected algae, Synechococcus was a great candidate as good accumulator It was concluded that the cyanobacteria were the best alternative for phycoremediation.

The Diversity of Birds and Frogs Species at Perdana Botanical Lake Garden, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Unbalance urban development would affect the ecosystem and environment of the people and living things. Declining and loss of flora and fauna species occurs because of landscapes and living habitat changes. Urban biodiversity is a part of ecological elements and ecosystems services of the urban environments. Thus, it is important to be maintained or preserved in urban planning and design. The lack numbers of study focusing on the field of urban wildlife such as birds and frogs around the globe. Thus, the aim of the study is to understand the scientific data on urban wildlife mainly focus on birds and amphibian. This study will provide significant information pertaining to urban biodiversity issues. Birds is chosen as the best example that will act as an indicator for the inland environment while frogs as the amphibian for the urban lake garden. Birds can be the best indicator for inland environment while frogs can be indicator for the aquatic environment of the urban lake garden.The study was conducted at Perdana Botanical Lake Garden in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The observation survey includes in details of the name of the species, number of species, habitat, data observation on time and dates, remarks and reference notes. The survey method on birds used the transect lines in order to observe the bird species within a measured line. The observation includes calculations and records of all the birds species, while walking along the transect route at average speed of 15 m/min within 30 m distance. The survey usually conducted either early in the morning and late evening. Meanwhile, the amphibian observation on frogs survey based on ‘Quadrant Sampling’ which is the standard quadrant being set in metre (m), in which 5×5 m and 10×10 m. The amphibian observation begin during the night time for 3 days duration started from 7.00 pm to 9.00 pm. Based on the observation at Botanical Perdana Garden, 8 species of birds has been identified. The most common is Acridotheres Tritis/Common Myna (n = 19) and the least is Geopelia Strata/Zebra Dove shows (n = 1) During the observation, a total of 6 species of frogs were found. The highest species of frogs recorded were Hylarana erythraea/Green Paddy Frog with (n =80), while Fejervarya limnocharis/Indian Rice Frog (n = 1). The result concludes that the park need to have more species of birds that share the same eating diet such as frugivorous and nectarous. The lake garden should restructured especially the pond with ecological approach to attract more types of frogs.