Zoltán Eller

Motor fuel purpose hydrogenation of used cooking oils

The liquid motorfuels are the main power source both of the commercial and public transportation. Renewable fuels can play significant role to achieve the EU’s plan, to reach the 10 % energy ratio of total fuel consumption until 2020. To achieve all this goals the European Union created the 2003/30/EC and further the 2009/28/EC directives. Unconventional feedstocks were investigated, for example non edible hybrids of oilseed plants such as rapeseed oils with high euric acid content or sunflower oils with high oleic acid content, used cooking oil. Beside the sustainability and the technical compatibility of these compounds with the current engine and vehicle constructions should be ensure, thus this bio components can be blend in the motor fuels unlimited quantity. The maximum amount of bio-component can be applied in motor fuels is 10 % bio-ethanol in gasoline and 7 % fatty acid-methyl-ester in diesel fuel. In this context heterogen catalytic hydrogenation of used cooking oil was studied on aluminium-oxide supported transition metal catalyst. The applied operation parameters were the following: temperature; 320 - 380 °C, pressure: 20 - 80 bar, LHSV: 1.0 h

Biocomponent containing jet fuel production with using coconut oil

Recent demands for low aromatic content jet fuels have shown significant increase in the last 20 years. This was generated by the growing of aviation. Furthermore, the quality requirements have become more aggravated for jet fuels. This was generated by the more severe environmental regulations and the increasing demand for performance requirements. Nowadays reduced aromatic hydrocarbon fractions are necessary for the production of jet fuels with good burning properties, which contribute to less harmful material emission. The aim of our experimental work was to study the catalytic transformability to jet fuel of coconut oil at different process parameters (temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity, H2/feedstock volume ratio). We carried out the experiments on a metal/support catalyst (T = 280 - 360 °C, LHSV = 1.0 - 3.0 h -1 , P= 30 bar, H2/feedstock volume ratio = 600 Nm 3 /m 3 ). Based on the experimental results in case of the studied feedstock the yield and the properties of the products were favourable at the following process parameter combinations: temperature 360°C, pressure 30 bar, LHSV 1.0 h -1 , volume ratio H2/feedstock volume ratio 600 Nm 3 /m 3 . Based on the quality properties of the product mixtures we determined that we successfully produced products with a high yield (approaching theoretical yield >90 %), that have a reduced aromatic content, their performance properties are excellent. These are excellent jet fuel blending components, what are compatible with current fuel systems and jet fuel blending components, they damage the environment less.

Sustainable production of bioparaffins

Most prevalent fuels of Diesel engine vehicles are the gas oils produced on crude oil bases. According to some disadvantages of fatty acid-methyl-esthers (biodiesels), bioparaffins (mainly isoparaffins) are able to substitute them partially or totally. The production of bioparaffins can be carried out on a wide raw material base. This means the natural triglycerides (different origin non-food vegetable oils, “brown fat” of sewage works, fat of protein processing, algae oils, etc.), lignocelluloids etc.. In this paper catalytic systems (NiMo/Al2O3; Pt/SAPO-11; Pt/AlSBA-15) for the production of bioparaffins from different triglycerides (oils and fats) and high molecular weight Fischer-Tropsch (heavy) hydrocarbons (produced from biobased synthesis gas) are introduced. After the proper pretreatment of natural triglyceride feedstocks the suggested two-step technologies (deoxygenation and isomerisation) are able to produce nand isoparaffins with yield that approaches the 93-99 % of the theoretical value. Properties of the two bioparaffin fractions produced with these methods satisfy the requirements of EN 590:2009+A1:2010 standard. Their cetane number is in the range of 65-75, which makes it possible to blend lower quality blending components in higher quantity, which is the source of significant profit increase. The integration possibilities of the suggested technologies in to crude oil refineries are introduced, too.

Production of Jet Fuel from Renewable Source Material

Recent demands for low aromatic content jet fuels have shown significant increase in the last 20 years. This was generated by the growing of aviation. Furthermore, the quality requirements have become more aggravated for jet fuels. This was generated by the more severe environmental regulations and the increasing demand for performance requirements. Nowadays reduced aromatic hydrocarbon fractions are necessary for the production of jet fuels with good burning properties, which contribute to less harmful material emission. The aim of our experimental work was to study the catalytic transformability to jet fuel of 70 – 30 % Hungarian crude oil originating from a previously desulphurized kerosene fraction and a coconut oil mixture at different process parameters (temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity, H2/feedstock volume ratio). We carried out the experiments on a metal/support catalyst (T = 280 360 °C, LHSV = 1.0 h -