Zuliyati Rohmah

Influence of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Carotenoids on Growth, Fatty Acid Composition, and 3T3-L1 Cells in Black Seabream ( Acanthopagrus schlegeli)

Three groups of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) were fed with treatment diets containing certain concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and carotenoids. The control group feed contained 0% CLA and 0% carotenoids, the CP10 group feed contained 1% CLA and 0.1% carotenoids, and the CP25 group feed contained 2.5% CLA and 0.1% carotenoids . The CP10 and CP25 groups demonstrated the enhanced growth and increased feed conversion efficiency of black seabream. The specific growth rates (SGRs) were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.97, while the feed conversion ratios (FCRs) were 2.65, 2.46, and 2.04 for the control, CP10, and CP25 groups, respectively. The total contents of high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) for the control, CP10, and CP25 groups were 41.0%, 41.7%, and 43.5%, respectively. CLA was deposited to the extent of 2.8% and 5.6% in the muscle, and 4.0% and 8.3% in the viscera of the CP10 and CP25 groups, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment with the viscera lipid extract (VLE) from CP25 fish evidently lowered 3T3-L1 adipocytes viability. The lipid extract from the muscle and viscera of black seabream contained ample amounts of beneficial substances, such as CLA, carotenoids, EPA, and DHA. CLA, which enriched black seabream m uscle, could be categorized as a functional food and serve as a well-being food. Meanwhile, th e fish oil from its viscera could serve as a high function supplement.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs.

This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively.

Hyaluronidase-inhibitory activities of glycosaminoglycans from Liparis tessellatus eggs

Polysaccharide fractions isolated from L. tessellatus eggs were purified and eluted using the DEAE-sepharose fast flow column. These were collected, tested and pooled based on their sugars content: F1, F2, and F3 which contain 26.8, 23.3, and 20.2% sulfated glycans; 34.5, 38.2, and 45.0% uronic acids; and 23.5, 19.0, and 7.5% acetylhexosamines and hexosamines, respectively. Hyaluronidase inhibitory effects of the fractions are in the order F3>F2>F1>Ascorbic acid, with F3 having the highest inhibition among the fractions and that of the standard, ascorbic acid. The electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) confirmed the presence of uronic acids on F3, which could be a 0,2A2 fragment plus loss of methyl group which is very common among non-methylated, sulfated disaccharides.

Skin regeneration effect of the Glycosaminoglycans from Liparis tessellatus eggs

A purified Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extract from L. tessellatus eggs was enzyme-hydrolyzed and then fractionated with DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The fractions were subsequently subjected to skin regeneration effects analysis against skin fibroblast (CCD-986sk) cell lines. Fraction 3 is evidently to have tyrosinase inhibition activity by 20.1% at concentration of 50mg/mL. DOPA oxidation assay, collagenase inhibition activity assay, fibroblast proliferation assay, and production of type I C-peptide assays were done to further proof the skin regeneration effect of GAGs fractions. Results revealed that fraction 3 has effective skin regeneration activities at a concentration of 200mg/mL.

Seasonal variations of nutritional components in cockles (Tegillarca granosa) processed from the Southern Coast of Korea

Abstract Cockles (Tegillarca granosa) species that found throughout the Indo-Pacific region and this study was conducted in South Korea from late autumn (November 2015) through early spring (April 2016). The proximate composition, mineral content, free amino acid, and fatty acid (FA) profiles and the nutritional quality of the cockles were studied at different stages during the processing. The contents of protein (11.7–13.9/100 g), lipids (1.1–2.5/100 g) and ash (1.6–2.7/100 g) varied significantly (p < 0.05) based on seasonal variations and processing steps. Taurine, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine were the most abundant amino acids in the amino acid profiles. All samples contained limited concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Co. The FA profiles showed that n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were the major fatty acids (28.7–37.0% of total FA, which was predominantly DHA and EPA (7.9–17.4%). Saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) levels were also observed throughout the experiment, as well as n − 3/n − 6 and PUFA/SFA ratios. The data obtained from this study may be useful to indicate the periods of the harvest season more suitable for consumption and the importance of processing chain on quality of cockle.