Abel Rebouças São José

Patogenicidade causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) em diferentes espécies frutíferas

The present work had as objective to evaluate the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides isolated from mango, papaya, guava and passion fruit. The inoculation with C. gloeosporioides was through a direct way, opening a hole on the fruit and inoculating PDA disks with a mycelium of the fungus. The control was inoculated with PDA disks without the fungus. A completely randomized blocks design was used, with 25 treatments and 3 repetitions. A factorial scheme (5 x 5) was used for evaluations. The results obtained demonstrate that all the isolated show pathogenicity in all fruit species studied. Guava is the host, which showed smaller susceptibility to the several isolated of C. gloeosporioides. Tommy Atkins and Rosa Mangoes and also papaya present larger lesions growth, therefore a larger susceptibility.

Antagonic effect in vitro and in vivo of Trichoderma spp. to Rhizopus stolonifer in yellow passion fruit

Floral rot of passion fruit is caused by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, which attacks newly open flowers and young little fruits. The infection starts in the inner parts of the flower buds where it causes water-soaked lesions, whose floral tissues acquire a dark-brown coloration. The presence of dark mycelium and fungus fructification is often noticed on the lesions. The present work aimed at studying the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic potentiality of species of Trichoderma spp. to Rhizopus stolonifer. In order to assess the antagonistic efficiency of biological control agents in the floral rot of yellow passion fruit, in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out with these species: Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. stromaticum, at the Biofactory of the State University of Southwestern Bahia (Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia), campus of Vitoria da Conquista - BA, and at a farm in the municipality of Eunapolis - BA. In the in vitro tests the mycelial growths of the phytopathogen and antagonists at the temperatures of 10oC, 15oC, 20oC, 25oC and 30oC were evaluated as well as the mycelial growth within 24h and 48h, in order to verify the growth rate of the isolates. To inhibit the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen, the pairing of cultures was carried out to assess the potentiality of antagonists and the production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Field, the antagonists were assessed according to their capacity. In the of preventing the infection by Rhizopus stolonifer, the average number of effective fruits being evaluated on the 15th and 30th day after the application of antagonists. Through the obtained results, it was noticed that the best temperatures for the growth of antagonists and phytopathogen were at 25oC and 30oC for all isolates. During the incubation periods of 24 and 48h, significant differences in the mycelial growth were evidenced among isolates of Trichoderma spp. In relation to R. stolonifer, the antagonists demonstrated growth speed significantly higher than the phytopathogen. In paired culture, all the isolates of Trichoderma spp. showed fast mycelial growth, thus preventing the development of the phytopathogen, demonstrating antagonism in the production of volatile and non volatile metabolites with fungal action against R. stolonifer. In the field test, there was significant effect in the treatments, a higher fruit set of 74% was noted for the treatments T3 - Trichoderma harzianum and T5 - T. virens, and 75% for. The treatments T2 - T. viride and T4 - T. stromaticum the control obtained a lower percentage 42%.

Utilização de biofilme comestível na conservação de pimentão 'Magali R' em duas condições de armazenamento

Trying to promote the conservation postharvest of fruits and vegetables to the biodegradable packings the base of starch, pectins, cellulose and other polymeric, show results variables to depend on the vegetables treaties. The present work had as objective evaluates the biofilm effect to the base of cassava starch in the conservation of sweet peppers Magali R, stored to room ambient and under cooling. The fruits were selected, washed, disinfected, covered with biofilm of cassava starch in the concentrations of 3, 4, and 5% and stored for up to 20 days to room ambient with 24,5 ± 3oC e 60,5 ± 12% RU and to 10 ± 1oC and 90 ± 5% RU. The effects of the treatments were appraised through the mass loss, of the firmness of the fruit and tenor of soluble solids, in entirely randomized design, with three repetitions and two fruits for parcel, in the factorial outline 4 x 6 x 2. The results indicate that the use of biofilm of cassava starch was not efficient in to delay the metabolism postharvest and to prolong the conservation of sweet peppers Magali R refrigerated or not; the use of cooling to 10 ± 1oC and 90 ± 5% RU, without association with biofilm, was efficient in maintaining the sweet peppers Magali R with mass loss inferior to the 15%, established as limit for the self life for up to 20 days of storage, while in room temperature the self life was of just eight days.

Influência da poda de produção em ramos de diferentes diâmetros no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da pinheira (Annona squamosa L.)

Pruning is one of the orchard practices of great importance for the cultivation of sugar apple, influencing the phenomenon of floral induction in order to allow production out of season, which constitutes an important economic alternative for many producing areas conditions. The experiment was carried out from June 21st, to November, 15th 2000, in conditions of semi-arid region, in the town of Tanhacu, Bahia state, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the influence of pruning branches production with different diameters on vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting of sugar apple. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, seven replications and three plants per plot. The used treatments were: T1- thick branches (11-14 mm of diameter); T2- medium branches (7-10mm of diameter); T3- thin branches (3-6mm of diameter). The obtained results showed that under the studied conditions branches growth and flower vigour were higher in thick branches, although different diameters did not affect fruit quality (physical and chemical characteristics).

Desempenho vegetativo e reprodutivo da pinheira (Annona squamosa L.) em função de diferentes comprimentos de ramos podados

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influencia exercida por diferentes comprimentos de ramos podados no crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da pinheira. O experimento foi conduzido no periodo de 21-02 a 1o-07-2003, no municipio de Anage, regiao de clima semi-arido do Estado da Bahia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com seis tratamentos, quatro repeticoes e tres plantas uteis por parcela. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1- ramos podados com 5 cm de comprimento; T2- ramos podados com 10 cm de comprimento; T3- ramos podados com 15 cm de comprimento; T4- ramos podados com 20 cm de comprimento; T5- ramos podados com 25 cm de comprimento; T6- ramos podados com 30 cm de comprimento. Constatou-se, nas condicoes estudadas, que ramos podados com menores comprimentos tendem a reduzir a emissao de flores e a aumentar o vigor de brotacoes e tamanho de frutos.

Atualidades e perspectivas das Anonáceas no mundo

Varias especies da familia Annonaceae produzem frutos comestiveis cultivados em pomares comerciais ou coletados de forma extrativista, em diversas partes do mundo. O genero Annona possui elevado numero de especies nativas, no entanto poucas produzem frutos comestiveis. Algumas sao cultivadas comercialmente, outras sao obtidas de forma extrativista. As principais anonaceas cultivadas no mundo sao: Annona muricata, Annona squamosa e Annona cherimola, com destaque tambem para a atemoia (hibrido entre A. squamosa x A. cherimola). Economicamente, sao importantes para muitos paises da Africa, Asia e tambem da America Central, do Norte e do Sul. Os principais paises produtores sao: Australia, Chile, Espanha, Estados Unidos, Nova Zelândia e Israel para cherimolia; Mexico, Brasil, Venezuela e Costa Rica para graviola; e India, Brasil, Tailândia, Filipinas e Cuba para pinha. A produtividade de frutos das anonaceas nos diversos paises produtores e relativamente baixa, em funcao do uso inadequado de tecnicas de manejo (irrigacao, fertilizacao, podas, polinizacao, controle de insetos e enfermidades, etc.). No Brasil, os cultivos comerciais mais relevantes com anonaceas sao: pinha (A. squamosa L.), graviola (A. muricata L.) e atemoia. O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar a situacao atual e as perspectivas para as anonaceas no Brasil e no mundo. O cultivo e caracteristicamente de pequenos agricultores, usando especialmente a mao de obra familiar. De um modo geral, esses cultivos apresentam relevância socioeconomica nos paises que possuem producao comercial pela geracao de emprego e renda, e vem, recentemente, ganhando importância no mercado mundial, dada sua condicao de fruta exotica e pela sua qualidade, dentre as quais o valor nutraceutico (vitaminas, antioxidantes e outras propriedades funcionais). A expansao do consumo e sua maior relevância no mercado mundial dependem de acoes relativas a divulgacao do produto por meio de um programa de marketing, demonstrando suas qualidades nutricionais e funcionais para a saude dos consumidores.

Overcoming dormancy seeds of passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata mast.)

With the objective of evaluating the effect of different methods of dormancy break down on P.cincinnata Mast. seeds, a research was carried out in greenhouse at Bahia State University, Campus of Vitoria da Conquista county, Bahia State, Brazil. The experimental design was a interely randomized blocks, composed of seven treatments and three replications, (T1-seeds dried in shade; T2-seeds dried in the sun; T3-seeds dried in shade followed by scarification; T4-seeds dried in shade and treated with captana (0,2%); T5-seeds dried in the sun followed by scarification; T6-seeds dried in shade and treated with hot water at 50oC; T7-seeds dried in shade and treated with hot water at 80oC. The obtained results showed that for overcoming seeds dormancy of P. cincinnata Mast. treatments T3 (seeds dried in shade followed by scarification) and T6 (seeds dried in shade and treated with hot water at 50oC) presented the best results.

Florescimento e frutificação de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Rosa promovidos por diferentes doses de paclobutrazol

Efficient techniques as the floral induction allow the establishment of commercialization strategies for favorable periods of market and economical success in the cultivation of mango fruits. An experiment, was conducted in order to study the effect of different paclobutrazol doses (PBZ) on the flowering and production of mango fruits Cv. Rosa. The experiment design used was formed by randomized blocks with four treatments with five replications. The treatments were composed of: T1-control (only water); T2- PBZ- 0,40g a.i./m canopy; T3- PBZ- 0,80g a.i./m canopy; and T4. PBZ- 1,20g a.i./m canopy. The evaluation consisted of the following characteristics: flowering anticipation, number and fruits production per plant. The obtained results were submitted to regression analysis and Dunnet test. It was observed a higher percentage of flowering and fruit production for T2 (0,40g) T3 (0,80g) and T4 (1,2g) in comparison to the Control. The PBZ treatment also anticipated flower initiation and fruit harvest, what means production out of season higher prices and more profitability.

A cultura do coco: uma análise econômica

O coqueiro e uma planta de clima tropical, sendo cultivado em cerca de 90 paises, destacando-se o continente asiatico na producao e comercializacao do produto in natura e nos subprodutos. Podem-se aproveitar diversas partes da planta, como o fruto, as folhas, a inflorescencia, entre outros produtos e subprodutos. O Brasil possui condicoes especiais que favorecem a adaptacao e o desenvolvimento da cultura do coco. Dentre as principais regioes brasileiras produtoras, o Nordeste destaca-se, produzindo cerca de 80% de toda a producao nacional. A Bahia destaca-se como um dos principais produtores e consumidores. O municipio de Ilheus vem expandindo a producao ao longo do tempo, em funcao do fluxo de turistas e de iniciativas de diversificar a agricultura regional. O objetivo deste estudo e identificar e avaliar, economica e financeiramente, os diferentes niveis tecnologicos adotados pelos produtores de coco no municipio de Ilheus. Neste estudo, utilizou-se de levantamento de corte seccional (cross-section) para o qual foram aplicados vinte questionarios junto aos produtores, selecionados por meio do criterio de amostra intencional, segundo a tecnica survey. Por meio dessas informacoes, foram calculados os indicadores financeiros (VPL, TIR, B/C) e a analise de sensibilidade. Nota-se que os tres niveis tecnologicos adotados no municipio apresentam receitas positivas; no entanto, a tecnologia III e a que se mostra mais eficiente. Os resultados, para as tecnologias I, II e III, do VPL sao de R

Estimation of optimum plot sizes in field experiments with annatto

4.857,04; R