Sylvana Naomi Matsumoto

Avaliação de clones de batata-doce em Vitória da Conquista

Sweet potato clones were evaluated in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. Sixteen clones (1; 2; 7; 9; 14; 15; 17; 19; 23; 25; 29; 30; 36; 38; 44 and 100), originating from Janauba, Vicosa, Bom Jardim de Minas, Gurupi, Santo Antonio da Platina, Holambra II, Vitoria da Conquista and Condeuba were analyzed. Random plots were utilized with 16 treatments and three repetitions. The following characteristics were evaluated: total root yield, average root weight; commercial root yield; average commercial root weight; length, diameter and form of the roots; resistance to soil insects and branch weight. The data were submitted to variance analysis and ScottKnott test with 5% probability. Clones 1; 7; 25; 29 and 38 stood out in root yield and the clones 1; 2; 7; 9; 17; 25; 29 and 36 stood out in branch weight. Clones 1; 25 and 36 presented the best results concerning the length of roots.

Productivity, chemical composition and agronomic characteristics of different forages

The objective of this work was to evaluate nutrient production and extraction of different forages. Four crops were implanted: corn, Sudan sorghum, forage sorghum and sunflower in an experimental design in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five repetitions. Sunflower and Sudan sorghum had the highest green matter production, while corn and sorghum forages excelled over the other crops for dry matter production. The highest values of fibrous fraction were observed for Sudam sorghum. Sunflower crop extracted the highest amount of calcium, potassium and magnesium, while Sudan sorghum showed the highest phosphorus extraction. Extraction of nitrogen and sodium was not different among crops. Corn is the best forage for silage because it has the highest ear proportion in relation to the rest of the plant.

Efeito do nitrogênio em características agronômicas da mandioca

With the objective of evaluating the effect of nitrogen on agronomic characteristics of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an experiment was conducted at the State University of Southwestern Bahia (UESB), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. In the experiment, conducted in the field, the application of six doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 N) was studied in two varieties of cassava (Sergipe and Lisona), adopting a randomized block experimental design, with treatments in a factorial arrangement. The results demonstrate that nitrogen affected height of plants, production of aerial parts of the plants, tuber yield, dry matter and starch contents in roots, and flour yield. Number of shoot per plant, harvest index, and leaf area index were not affect by nitrogen. Sergipe variety showed greater results than Lisona variety for aerial part and tuber yield, root dry matter, root starch production and flour yield.

Influência da poda de produção em ramos de diferentes diâmetros no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da pinheira (Annona squamosa L.)

Pruning is one of the orchard practices of great importance for the cultivation of sugar apple, influencing the phenomenon of floral induction in order to allow production out of season, which constitutes an important economic alternative for many producing areas conditions. The experiment was carried out from June 21st, to November, 15th 2000, in conditions of semi-arid region, in the town of Tanhacu, Bahia state, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the influence of pruning branches production with different diameters on vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting of sugar apple. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, seven replications and three plants per plot. The used treatments were: T1- thick branches (11-14 mm of diameter); T2- medium branches (7-10mm of diameter); T3- thin branches (3-6mm of diameter). The obtained results showed that under the studied conditions branches growth and flower vigour were higher in thick branches, although different diameters did not affect fruit quality (physical and chemical characteristics).

Características físicas e sensoriais de clones de batata-doce

Com o objetivo de avaliar propriedades fisicas e sensoriais de clones de batata-doce em Vitoria da Conquista - BA foi realizado este experimento, composto por 16 clones oriundos de Janauba- G, Vicosa - MG, Bom Jardim de Minas - MG, Gurupi - TO, Santo Antonio da Platina - PR, Holambra II - SP, Vitoria da Conquista - BA e Condeuba - BA. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 16 tratamentos e 3 repeticoes. Avaliaram-se as caracteristicas sensoriais: aparencia, umidade, docura, coloracao da polpa, dificuldade de degluticao das raizes tuberosas e as caracteristicas fisicas: tempo de cozimento e peso especifico. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade, entretanto, as caracteristicas sensoriais foram obtidas apenas em valores de porcentagem. O clone 25 apresentou as melhores caracteristicas sensoriais e o clone 7 apresentou melhor tempo de cozimento.

Propagação vegetativa de estacas de Passiflora cincinnata mast. em diferentes recipientes e substratos comerciais

Passiflora cincinnata Mast is a species with great potential due to high capacity of adaptation to the abiotic and biotic production factors of Semi-arid region of Brazilian Northeastern and considering the nutritional and medicinal of fruit characteristics. With objective to study the propagation and initial vegetative development of Passiflora cincinnata Mast seedlings, from herbaceous cuttings submitted to different commercial containers and substrates, a trial was conducted with a factorial experimental design (3 x 2), consisting of three types of containers and two substrates, arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. 50 cm3 and 288 cm3 tubes containers and 573 cm3 black polyethylene bags were associated with two types of commercial substrates, Bioplant® and Vivatto®. To the characteristics of the shoot length, number of leaves per cutting and root system length, it was observed a container effect, occurring interaction between substrate and container for root fresh and dry mass weight, rooting percentage and percentage of rooted cuttings with emission of vegetative sprouting. There was a tendency of a superior potential of growth in Passiflora cincinnata cuttings cultivated at a higher volume containers using Vivatto® as substrate. It was observed that the rooting and rooting with sprouts were lower to 50 cm3tubes containers. The vegetative development evaluated through to sprout length, leaves number per cutting were higher in 573 cm3 black polyethylene bags, not being verified difference between substrates. To root fresh and dry weight major values were verified to 288 cm3 tubes container. To 50 cm3 tubes it was observed greater root growth when the Bioplant® substrate was applied.

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e aspectos fisiológicos em cafeeiros cultivados em sistema agroflorestal e a pleno sol

O trabalho foi realizado em cafeeiros cultivados a pleno sol e consorciado com grevileas em Vitoria da Conquista (BA), em duas estacoes: seca e chuvosa, com objetivo de verificar a influencia da arborizacao dos cafezais e da disponibilidade hidrica sobre a densidade de Fungos Micorrizicos Arbusculares (FMA) e ainda relacionar tais fatores com aspectos fisiologicos do cafeeiro. O experimento foi realizado em campos de observacao com dois tratamentos e seis repeticoes, sendo as medias comparadas pelo teste t (p<0,05), relacionando os sistemas e as estacoes. Verificou-se maior numero de esporos em epoca seca. A taxa de colonizacao radicular de FMA foi maior no cultivo consorciado, nao diferindo em funcao da estacao. O manejo dos cafeeiros sob sombra e a epoca seca contribuiram para maior teor de clorofila nas folhas. Maior valor absoluto do potencial hidrico foliar foi verificado quando avaliado na epoca chuvosa.

Florescimento e frutificação de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Rosa promovidos por diferentes doses de paclobutrazol

Efficient techniques as the floral induction allow the establishment of commercialization strategies for favorable periods of market and economical success in the cultivation of mango fruits. An experiment, was conducted in order to study the effect of different paclobutrazol doses (PBZ) on the flowering and production of mango fruits Cv. Rosa. The experiment design used was formed by randomized blocks with four treatments with five replications. The treatments were composed of: T1-control (only water); T2- PBZ- 0,40g a.i./m canopy; T3- PBZ- 0,80g a.i./m canopy; and T4. PBZ- 1,20g a.i./m canopy. The evaluation consisted of the following characteristics: flowering anticipation, number and fruits production per plant. The obtained results were submitted to regression analysis and Dunnet test. It was observed a higher percentage of flowering and fruit production for T2 (0,40g) T3 (0,80g) and T4 (1,2g) in comparison to the Control. The PBZ treatment also anticipated flower initiation and fruit harvest, what means production out of season higher prices and more profitability.

Manejo de solo em cultvo com mandioca em treze municípios da região sudoes da Bahia

O Estado da Bahia, por varios anos, destaca-se na producao de mandioca no Brasil, sendo a Regiao Sudoeste uma das principais produtoras. Em 2003 e 2004, o municipio de Cândido Sales foi o maior produtor baiano e o segundo maior produtor do Brasil. Entretanto, sua produtividade, assim como a de outros municipios da regiao, e baixa. As causas para este baixo desempenho sao as mais diversas e de dificil deteccao, principalmente quando o sistema de producao assume caracteristicas locais. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar o manejo de solos cultivados com mandioca em 13 municipios da Regiao Sudoeste da Bahia, foram aplicados 848 questionarios, durante o primeiro semestre de 2005, nos municipios de Vitoria da Conquista, Barra do Choca, Planalto, Pocoes, Ribeirao do Largo, Encruzilhada, Cândido Sales, Belo Campo, Tremedal, Piripa, Condeuba, Anage e Caraibas. A amostragem foi realizada em cada municipio, com coleta de informacoes sobre preparo do solo, utilizacao de praticas conservacionistas e uso de calagem e adubacao. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de frequencia simples. Constatou-se baixa adocao de praticas de conservacao do solo, calagem e adubacao, predominando nos municipios o preparo do solo manual.RESUMOO Estado da Bahia, por varios anos, destaca-se na producao de mandioca no Brasil, sendo a Regiao Sudoeste uma dasprincipais produtoras. Em 2003 e 2004, o municipio de Cândido Sales foi o maior produtor baiano e o segundo maior produtor doBrasil. Entretanto, sua produtividade, assim como a de outros municipios da regiao, e baixa. As causas para este baixo desempenho saoas mais diversas e de dificil deteccao, principalmente quando o sistema de producao assume caracteristicas locais. Com o objetivo dediagnosticar o manejo de solos cultivados com mandioca em 13 municipios da Regiao Sudoeste da Bahia, foram aplicados 848questionarios, durante o primeiro semestre de 2005, nos municipios de Vitoria da Conquista, Barra do Choca, Planalto, Pocoes,Ribeirao do Largo, Encruzilhada, Cândido Sales, Belo Campo, Tremedal, Piripa, Condeuba, Anage e Caraibas. A amostragem foirealizada em cada municipio, com coleta de informacoes sobre preparo do solo, utilizacao de praticas conservacionistas e uso decalagem e adubacao. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de frequencia simples. Constatou-se baixa adocao de praticas de conservacaodo solo, calagem e adubacao, predominando nos municipios o preparo do solo manual.Termos para indexacao: Manihot esculenta Crantz, preparo do solo, praticas conservacionistas, calagem, adubacao.ABSTRACTFor many years BahiaBrasil has a highlighted cassava production and the Southwest region of this state is one of the majorproducer. In 2003 and 2004, Cândido Sales county was the major producer in the state of Bahia and the second higher producer inBrasil. However, its productivity as well as the production from others counties in that region is low. There are many causes for thatlow performace and can be difficult to be detected, mainly, when the production system ensue local characteristics. With the purposeto diagnosis the soil management cultivated with cassava in thirteen counties in southwest Bahias region, 848 questionaires wereused during the first semester of 2005 in the following counties: Vitoria da Conquista, Barra do Choca, Planalto, Pocoes,Ribeirao do Largo, Encruzilhada, Cândido Sales, Belo Campo, Tremedal, Piripa, Condeuba, Anage, and Caraibas.The sampling was take in each one of counties, with datas about information soil management and liming of the soil manure. The datawere under simple frequency analysis. It was observed low adoption soil preservation thecnologies, lime and manure, prevailing incounties the soil preparation manual.Index terms: Manihot esculenta Crantz, soil preparation, soil preservation, liming, manure.(Recebido em 18 de maio de 2006 e aprovado em 22 de janeiro de 2007)

Growth of sweet basil depending on nitrogen and potassium doses

The objective of this study, carried out from October to December 2006, was to analyze the effects of increasing doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) as well as the interaction between these elements on the growth of sweet basil plants cultivated under field conditions. The experimental design was split plots, holding in the main plots the N doses and in the subplots the K rates. Doses of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 were established for N and K, applied as urea and potassium chloride, respectively. The seedlings were transplanted to beds, in 40 x 30 cm spacing, and each plot had 24 plants. The evaluations at 45 days after transplanting detected no effect of N levels in stem diameter, Spad index and number of internodes. A quadratic polynomial model was defined for the relationship between N rates and the referred characteristics. A NK interaction for total leaf area was observed, indicating that, on the absence of K fertilization, increasing N doses resulted in higher total leaf area. Higher doses of N decreased total leaf area of plants under greater K doses.