Adil Aydın

Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere microflora

Inoculants are of great importance in sustainable and/or organic agriculture. In the present study, plant growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been studied in sterile soil inoculated with four plant growth-promoting bacteria and mineral fertilizers at three different soil bulk densities and in three harvests of plants. Three bacterial species were isolated from the rhizosphere of barley and wheat. These bacteria fixed N2, dissolved P and significantly increased growth of barley seedlings. Available phosphate in soil was significantly increased by seed inoculation of Bacillus M-13 and Bacillus RC01. Total culturable bacteria, fungi and P-solubilizing bacteria count increased with time. Data suggest that seed inoculation of barley with Bacillus RC01, Bacillus RC02, Bacillus RC03 and Bacillus M-13 increased root weight by 16.7, 12.5, 8.9 and 12.5% as compared to the control (without bacteria inoculation and mineral fertilizers) and shoot weight by 34.7, 34.7, 28.6 and 32.7%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation gave increases of 20.3–25.7% over the control as compared with 18.9 and 35.1% total biomass weight increases by P and NP application. The concentration of N and P in soil was decreased by increasing soil compaction. In contrast to macronutrients, the concentration of Fe, Cu and Mn was lower in plants grown in the loosest soil. Soil compaction induced a limitation in root and shoot growth that was reflected by a decrease in the microbial population and activity. Our results show that bacterial population was stimulated by the decrease in soil bulk density. The results suggest that the N2-fixing and P-solubilizing bacterial strains tested have a potential on plant growth activity of barley.

Ameliorative Effect of Hydro Gel Substrate on Growth, Inorganic Ions, Proline, and Nitrate Contents of Bean under Salinity Stress

ABSTRACT The effect of varying hydrogel (0, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w) supply on some agro-physiological properties, such as dry matter, nutrient contents, chlorophyll contents, proline content, and ionic balance of bean plants in different salt sources and stress due to doses were investigated. Plants were treated with eight salt sources [sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)] and four concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM doses) for 60 days in a growth media. Salt type, doses, and hydrogel (HG) affected the soil electrical conductivity. Soil salinity affected the parameters considered, and changed the nutrient balance of plants. High salt concentration caused substantial reduction in plant growth. Different salt concentrations negatively affected plant dry weight. The highest decrease of plant root dry weight was obtained with NaCl application followed by Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, MgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, and K2SO4, and similarly NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, KCl, K2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 in root dry weight. Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of plants decreased with increasing salt doses, and the lowest value was obtained for NaCl application. Proline contents of plants were increased with increasing salt doses, and the highest value was obtained with the NaCl application. The effects of salt concentrations in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content of plants were significant. The presence of salt in the growth medium induced an important decrease the macro nutrient of the root and shoot part of plant such as N, P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content, but the N and P content of root and shoot part of the plant were increased with increasing of the HG application doses. The highest N and P increases were obtained with the 1.0 HG application for all salt types for both the root and shoots of plants. The HG added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity and also increased plant N and P, reduced soil electricity conductivity, nitrate, proline, and electrolyte leakage of plants, enhanced plant root and shoot dry weight by allowing nutrients and water to release to the plant as needed. The results suggested that HG has great potential for use in alleviating salinity stress on plant growth and growth parameters in saline soils of arid and semi-arid areas. This HG appears to be highly effective for use as a soil conditioner in vegetable growing, to improve crop tolerance and growth in saline conditions. It is intended to confirm the results of these studies by field trials.

Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Atık Uygulamalarının Toprakların Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Olan Etkisi

OZET: Bu calisma; zeytinyagi fabrika atiklari pirina ve posanin toprak duzenleyici ve gubre olarak kullanilabilirligini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Deneme sera sartlari altinda tam sansa bagli deneme planina gore 3 tekerrurlu olarak 48 saksida yurutulmustur. Bakterili (OSU-142) ve bakterisiz uygulamalar olmak uzere, pirina ve posa hacim esasina gore 4 dozda (%0; %2,5; %5 ve %10 ( v/v )) uygulanmistir. Dusuk organik madde icerigine sahip topraklara pirina ve posa uygulamasi, toprak fiziksel ve kimyasal ozelliklerini olumlu yonde etkilemistir. Uygulanan materyal ve dozlara bagli olarak topraklarin agregat stabilitesi (AS), organik madde icerigi (OM), tarla kapasitesi (TK), elektiriki iletkenlik degeri (EC) ve elverisli nem icerigi (YNK) degerleri artmistir. Bununla birlikte, toprak pH’sindaki degisimler istatistiki olarak onemsiz bulunmustur. Sonuclar kontrolle karsilastirildiginda, pirina ve posanin en yuksek uygulama dozu EC degerini sirasiyla %148 ve %103 oraninda artirmistir. Soz konusu bu artis organik madde iceriginde ise %139 ve %220 olarak saptanmistir. Kontrol grubuna ait agregat stabilitesi degerleri pirina ve posa icin sirasiyla %42 ve %46 olarak belirlenirken, bu degerler en yuksek dozdaki bakterisiz uygulamalarda %63 ve %83, bakterili uygulamalarda ise %64 ve %97 olarak saptanmistir. Bu calismadan elde edilen veriler dusuk organik madde icerigine sahip topraklara uygulanan pirina ve posanin toprak fiziksel ve kimyasal ozelliklerini gelistirdigi gostermistir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Pirina, posa, bakteri (OSU-142), agregat stabilitesi, organik madde Effects of Olive Oil Industrial Solid Residual Applications on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils ABSTRACT : This study was carried out to determine the use of pirina and pulp, as a soil fertilizer and conditioner. For this aim a greenhouse study was conducted in a randomized block design with 3 replications in 48 plots. Pirina and pulp residuals were applied to pots in 4 doses (pirina: 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 10% v/v-pulp: 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 10% v/v) with 2 bacterial applications (control and OSU-142). Application of pirina and pulp, to soil with low organic matter content, has affected physical and chemical properties positively. Depending on the applied doses and materials; aggregate stability, organic matter content, field capacity, electrical conductivity (EC), and available moisture content of soils were increased. However, changes in soil pH were not found statistically significant. When compared with control increase in electrical conductivity of soils were found as 148% and 108% with pirina and pulp applications, respectively. These values were found as 139% and 220% for organic matter contents. While aggregate stability (AS) of soils was found as 42% and 46% in controls, it was determined as 63% and 83% without bacteria, 64% and 97% with bacteria applications, for pirina and pulp, respectively. As a result it can be concluded that application of pirina and pulp to soils with low organic matter contents improves its physical and chemical properties. Keywords : Pirina, pulp, bacteria (OSU-142), aggregate stability, organic material

Daphan ve Pasinler Ovası Toprak Örneklerine Suya Doygun Koşullarda Farklı Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Toprakların Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu Elverişliliğine / Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Co

OZET: Bu calisma, Erzurum yoresinde kuru (Daphan Ovasi) ve sulu (Pasinler Ovasi) tarim yapilan alanlardan alinan toprak orneklerine suya doygun kosullarda uygulanan degisik azotlu gubrelerin ve dozlarinin sera kosullarinda topraktaki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu’in elverisliligine etkisini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Denemenin baslangicinda, 30., 60. ve 90. gunlerinde her saksidan toprak ornegi alinarak bu orneklerin bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlari belirlenmistir. Deneme sonunda elde edilen verilere gore Daphan ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu degisimi, Pasinler ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki degisimden daha belirgindir. Deneme suresince bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlarinda baslangic degerlerine gore bir artis gozlenmis olup, maksimum degerler denemenin 30. gununde elde edilmistir. Belirlenen mikro elementler icinde baslangic degerlerine gore en fazla artis Fe’de en az artis ise Zn’da olmustur. Denemenin 30. gununden sonraki belirlemelerde mikro elementlerin elverisli miktarlarinda azalan yonde bir degisim izlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Suya doygunluk, azotlu gubre, azot dozu, besin elverisliligi Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Conditions on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu Availability ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine effects of different N-fertilizers and doses on availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples collected from dry (Daphan plain) and irrigated (Pasinler plain) agricultural areas in Erzurum were left under saturated conditions, and sub-samples were taken at the begining, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment to determine amounts of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Results indicated that changes in the amount of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil samples taken from Daphan Plain were more clear than those of the samples from Pasinler plain. As comparing with the initial values, the amount of plant available nutrients increased during the experiment period, but the highest increasing rate was determined at the 30th days from the beginning. Plant nutrient availability decreased after this. The rate of change in the amount of availability was highest in Fe and lowest in Zn. Keywords: Saturation, N-fertilizer, N-doses, plant nutrient availability.

Erzurum ve Rize Yöresi Toprak Örneklerine Uygulanan Farklı Dozlardaki Bor ve Fosforun Mısır (Zea mays)’ın Kuru Madde Miktarı ve Mineral İçeriğine Etkisi / Effect of Boron and Phosphorus Application on the Growth and Mineral Content of Corn in Erzurum and

OZET: Bu calismada, farkli dozlarda uygulanan bor (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 ve 4,0 ppm) ve fosfor (0; 20; 40 ve 80 ppm)’un sera kosullarinda yetistirilen misir bitkisinin gelismesine, mineral madde icerigine etkisi ile bor ve fosfor beslenmesi incelenmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, uygulanan bor ve fosfor dozu arttikca misir bitkisinin N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri genel olarak azalirken, P ve B icerikleri artmistir. B0 ve P0 dozlarinda noksanlik, B4 ve P3 dozlarinda da toksitite belirtileri gorulmus, uygulanan fosfor dozu arttikca bor toksititesi azalmistir. Genel olarak Erzurum yoresi toprak orneginde yetistirilen bitkilerde makro, Rize yoresi toprak orneginde yetistirilen bitkilerde de mikro elementlerin miktari daha yuksek bulunmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bor, fosfor, kuru madde, mineral madde icerigi, besin elementi alimi Effect of Boron and Phosphorus Application on the Growth and Mineral Content of Corn in Erzurum and Rize Soils ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of boron (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 4,0 ppm) and phosphorus (0; 20; 40 and 80 ppm) applications plant growth and mineral matter content of corn-plant under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of corn plant generally decreased with increasing rates of B and P application, but P and B content increased. B and P content of plant was not sufficient at B0 and P0, but B4 and P3 doses caused toxicity, and P application was alleviated B toxicity in plant. Macro element content of plant grown in Erzurum soils was higher than those of Rize soils. In contrast micro element content was higher in plant grown in Rize soils. Key words: Boron, phosphorus, dry matter, mineral matter content, nutrient uptake