Canan Kant

Ameliorative Effect of Hydro Gel Substrate on Growth, Inorganic Ions, Proline, and Nitrate Contents of Bean under Salinity Stress

ABSTRACT The effect of varying hydrogel (0, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w) supply on some agro-physiological properties, such as dry matter, nutrient contents, chlorophyll contents, proline content, and ionic balance of bean plants in different salt sources and stress due to doses were investigated. Plants were treated with eight salt sources [sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)] and four concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM doses) for 60 days in a growth media. Salt type, doses, and hydrogel (HG) affected the soil electrical conductivity. Soil salinity affected the parameters considered, and changed the nutrient balance of plants. High salt concentration caused substantial reduction in plant growth. Different salt concentrations negatively affected plant dry weight. The highest decrease of plant root dry weight was obtained with NaCl application followed by Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, MgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, and K2SO4, and similarly NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, KCl, K2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 in root dry weight. Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of plants decreased with increasing salt doses, and the lowest value was obtained for NaCl application. Proline contents of plants were increased with increasing salt doses, and the highest value was obtained with the NaCl application. The effects of salt concentrations in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content of plants were significant. The presence of salt in the growth medium induced an important decrease the macro nutrient of the root and shoot part of plant such as N, P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content, but the N and P content of root and shoot part of the plant were increased with increasing of the HG application doses. The highest N and P increases were obtained with the 1.0 HG application for all salt types for both the root and shoots of plants. The HG added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity and also increased plant N and P, reduced soil electricity conductivity, nitrate, proline, and electrolyte leakage of plants, enhanced plant root and shoot dry weight by allowing nutrients and water to release to the plant as needed. The results suggested that HG has great potential for use in alleviating salinity stress on plant growth and growth parameters in saline soils of arid and semi-arid areas. This HG appears to be highly effective for use as a soil conditioner in vegetable growing, to improve crop tolerance and growth in saline conditions. It is intended to confirm the results of these studies by field trials.

Ameliorative Effect of Foliar Nutrient Supply on Growth, Inorganic Ions, Membrane Permeability, and Leaf Relative Water Content of Physalis Plants under Salinity Stress

The effects of nutrients foliarly applied at varying doses were investigated on some agrophysiological properties, such as dry matter, nutrient content, chlorophyll content, membrane permeability, and leaf relative water content, of physalis (Physalis ixocarpa) plants under salinity stress. Plant shoot fresh weight, dry weight, plant length, and chlorophyll contents were reduced by 54.0–61.8%, 53.4–64.8%, 38.3–47.0%, and 26.5–40.0%, respectively, at 60 and 120 mM (without foliar application) compared to the nonsaline treatment [0 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)]. However, the membrane permeability (MP) of the plants increased with increasing salinity. Ion balance in plant cells is very important to plant growth and tolerance of salinity. So, foliar application alleviates to some extent the deleterious effects of salinity stress on growth and growth parameters, depending on nutrient concentration in plant. The greatest mitigating effects of foliar fertilizer for chlorophyll, shoot fresh weight, leaf relative water content, and MP at high-salinity-stress conditions (60 and 120 mM) were obtained from a 10-mM foliar magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO3)2] application at the ratios 57.2–62.6%, 49.0–30.9%, 27.5–28.9%, and 33.0–19.6%, respectively, but 10-mM foliar calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] application was most effective for plant shoot dry weight and plant height at 60 and 120 mM salinity stress conditions. These results support the view that supplementary Mg(NO3)2 and Ca(NO3)2 application can overcome the effects of high salinity on plant growth and growth parameters under saline conditions.

Asidik Topraklara Uygulanan Farklı Kireçleme Materyallerinin Bazı Toprak Özellikleri İle Mısır Bitkisi (Zea mays L.)’nin Gelişimi ve Mineral İçeriğine Etkisi / Effect of Different Liming Materials on Some Soil Properties, Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant Growth a

OZET: Tarimsal uretimi arttirmada, toprak ozelliklerinin duzeltilmesi ve toprakta besin elementleri dengesinin saglanmasi son derece onemlidir. Bu arastirmada, beslenme kosullarinin pH’ya bagli olarak degisken oldugu bilinen asidik topraklara kirec ihtiyacinin degisik oranlarinda (0, %50 ve %100) uygulanan farkli kirecleme materyallerin (CaCO3, CaO, MgCO3 ve MgO)’in toprak ozellikleri ile bitki gelisimi ve mineral icerigine etkisi incelenmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore toprak orneklerine uygulanan kirec miktari arttikca topragin pH’si yukselmis, baz doygunlugu, degisebilir Ca, degisebilir Mg, yarayisli P icerigi ile bitki kuru madde miktari ve bitkilerin N, P, Ca ve Mg icerikleri artarken; topraklarin hidrojen doygunlugu, degisebilir K, degisebilir Al+H, elverisli Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri ile bitkilerin K, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri azalmistir. Bitki gelisimi dolayisiyla kuru madde miktari uzerine topraklarin ve dozlarin etkisi onemli bulunmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Asit toprak, kirecleme materyali, kirec ihtiyaci, besin alimi Effect of Different Liming Materials on Some Soil Properties, Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant Growth and Mineral Composition in Acid Soils ABSTRACT : One of the most important factors in plant production is to establish an equilibrium in nutritional status of soil. The objective of this study was to determine effect of different liming material (CaCO3, CaO, MgCO3 and MgO) applied to acid soils at different rates (0, 50% and 100% of lime requirement) on soil properties, plant growth and mineral composition. Results indicated that soil pH increased with increasing rate of lime application base saturation, exchangeble Ca and Mg, available P contents, dry matter contents and N, P, Ca and Mg contents of plants also increased, but H saturation, exchangeble K, exchangeble Al+H, available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents in soil and K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of plants decreased with increasing lime doses. Effect of lime doses and soil type was found significant on plant growth and dry-matter content. Key words: Acid soil, liming material, lime requirement, nutrient uptake

Daphan ve Pasinler Ovası Toprak Örneklerine Suya Doygun Koşullarda Farklı Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Toprakların Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu Elverişliliğine / Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Co

OZET: Bu calisma, Erzurum yoresinde kuru (Daphan Ovasi) ve sulu (Pasinler Ovasi) tarim yapilan alanlardan alinan toprak orneklerine suya doygun kosullarda uygulanan degisik azotlu gubrelerin ve dozlarinin sera kosullarinda topraktaki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu’in elverisliligine etkisini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Denemenin baslangicinda, 30., 60. ve 90. gunlerinde her saksidan toprak ornegi alinarak bu orneklerin bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlari belirlenmistir. Deneme sonunda elde edilen verilere gore Daphan ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu degisimi, Pasinler ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki degisimden daha belirgindir. Deneme suresince bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlarinda baslangic degerlerine gore bir artis gozlenmis olup, maksimum degerler denemenin 30. gununde elde edilmistir. Belirlenen mikro elementler icinde baslangic degerlerine gore en fazla artis Fe’de en az artis ise Zn’da olmustur. Denemenin 30. gununden sonraki belirlemelerde mikro elementlerin elverisli miktarlarinda azalan yonde bir degisim izlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Suya doygunluk, azotlu gubre, azot dozu, besin elverisliligi Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Conditions on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu Availability ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine effects of different N-fertilizers and doses on availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples collected from dry (Daphan plain) and irrigated (Pasinler plain) agricultural areas in Erzurum were left under saturated conditions, and sub-samples were taken at the begining, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment to determine amounts of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Results indicated that changes in the amount of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil samples taken from Daphan Plain were more clear than those of the samples from Pasinler plain. As comparing with the initial values, the amount of plant available nutrients increased during the experiment period, but the highest increasing rate was determined at the 30th days from the beginning. Plant nutrient availability decreased after this. The rate of change in the amount of availability was highest in Fe and lowest in Zn. Keywords: Saturation, N-fertilizer, N-doses, plant nutrient availability.

Erzurum ve Rize Yöresi Toprak Örneklerine Uygulanan Farklı Dozlardaki Bor ve Fosforun Mısır (Zea mays)’ın Kuru Madde Miktarı ve Mineral İçeriğine Etkisi / Effect of Boron and Phosphorus Application on the Growth and Mineral Content of Corn in Erzurum and

OZET: Bu calismada, farkli dozlarda uygulanan bor (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 ve 4,0 ppm) ve fosfor (0; 20; 40 ve 80 ppm)’un sera kosullarinda yetistirilen misir bitkisinin gelismesine, mineral madde icerigine etkisi ile bor ve fosfor beslenmesi incelenmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, uygulanan bor ve fosfor dozu arttikca misir bitkisinin N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri genel olarak azalirken, P ve B icerikleri artmistir. B0 ve P0 dozlarinda noksanlik, B4 ve P3 dozlarinda da toksitite belirtileri gorulmus, uygulanan fosfor dozu arttikca bor toksititesi azalmistir. Genel olarak Erzurum yoresi toprak orneginde yetistirilen bitkilerde makro, Rize yoresi toprak orneginde yetistirilen bitkilerde de mikro elementlerin miktari daha yuksek bulunmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bor, fosfor, kuru madde, mineral madde icerigi, besin elementi alimi Effect of Boron and Phosphorus Application on the Growth and Mineral Content of Corn in Erzurum and Rize Soils ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of boron (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 4,0 ppm) and phosphorus (0; 20; 40 and 80 ppm) applications plant growth and mineral matter content of corn-plant under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of corn plant generally decreased with increasing rates of B and P application, but P and B content increased. B and P content of plant was not sufficient at B0 and P0, but B4 and P3 doses caused toxicity, and P application was alleviated B toxicity in plant. Macro element content of plant grown in Erzurum soils was higher than those of Rize soils. In contrast micro element content was higher in plant grown in Rize soils. Key words: Boron, phosphorus, dry matter, mineral matter content, nutrient uptake