Kenan Barik

Effects of mineral and biofertilizers on barley growth on compacted soil

Abstract Biofertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilizers for increasing soil productivity and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible effects of three mineral fertilizers and four plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains as biofertilizer on soil properties and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) at three different soil bulk densities, and in three harvest periods. The application treatments included the control (without bacteria inoculation and mineral fertilizers), mineral fertilizers (N, NP and P) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria species (Bacillus licheniformis RC04, Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05, Pseudomonas putida RC06, and Bacillus OSU-142) in sterilized soil. The PGPR, fungi, seedling growth, soil pH, organic matter content, available P and mineral nitrogen were determined in soil compacted artificially to three bulk density levels (1.1, 1.25 and 1.40 Mg m−3) at 15, 30, and 45 days of plant harvest. The results showed that all the inoculated bacteria contributed to the amount of mineral nitrogen. Seed inoculation significantly increased the count of bacteria and fungi. Data suggest that seed inoculation of barley with PGPR strains tested increased root weight by 9–12.2%, and shoot weight by 29.7–43.3% compared with control. The N, NP and P application, however, increased root weight up to 18.2, 25.0 and 7.4% and shoot weight by 31.6, 43.4 and 26.4%, respectively. Our data show that PGPR stimulate barley growth and could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer. Soil compaction hampers the beneficial plant growth promoting properties of PGPR and should be avoided.

Asidik Topraklara Uygulanan Farklı Kireçleme Materyallerinin Bazı Toprak Özellikleri İle Mısır Bitkisi (Zea mays L.)’nin Gelişimi ve Mineral İçeriğine Etkisi / Effect of Different Liming Materials on Some Soil Properties, Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant Growth a

OZET: Tarimsal uretimi arttirmada, toprak ozelliklerinin duzeltilmesi ve toprakta besin elementleri dengesinin saglanmasi son derece onemlidir. Bu arastirmada, beslenme kosullarinin pH’ya bagli olarak degisken oldugu bilinen asidik topraklara kirec ihtiyacinin degisik oranlarinda (0, %50 ve %100) uygulanan farkli kirecleme materyallerin (CaCO3, CaO, MgCO3 ve MgO)’in toprak ozellikleri ile bitki gelisimi ve mineral icerigine etkisi incelenmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore toprak orneklerine uygulanan kirec miktari arttikca topragin pH’si yukselmis, baz doygunlugu, degisebilir Ca, degisebilir Mg, yarayisli P icerigi ile bitki kuru madde miktari ve bitkilerin N, P, Ca ve Mg icerikleri artarken; topraklarin hidrojen doygunlugu, degisebilir K, degisebilir Al+H, elverisli Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri ile bitkilerin K, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu icerikleri azalmistir. Bitki gelisimi dolayisiyla kuru madde miktari uzerine topraklarin ve dozlarin etkisi onemli bulunmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Asit toprak, kirecleme materyali, kirec ihtiyaci, besin alimi Effect of Different Liming Materials on Some Soil Properties, Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant Growth and Mineral Composition in Acid Soils ABSTRACT : One of the most important factors in plant production is to establish an equilibrium in nutritional status of soil. The objective of this study was to determine effect of different liming material (CaCO3, CaO, MgCO3 and MgO) applied to acid soils at different rates (0, 50% and 100% of lime requirement) on soil properties, plant growth and mineral composition. Results indicated that soil pH increased with increasing rate of lime application base saturation, exchangeble Ca and Mg, available P contents, dry matter contents and N, P, Ca and Mg contents of plants also increased, but H saturation, exchangeble K, exchangeble Al+H, available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents in soil and K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of plants decreased with increasing lime doses. Effect of lime doses and soil type was found significant on plant growth and dry-matter content. Key words: Acid soil, liming material, lime requirement, nutrient uptake

Daphan ve Pasinler Ovası Toprak Örneklerine Suya Doygun Koşullarda Farklı Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Toprakların Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu Elverişliliğine / Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Co

OZET: Bu calisma, Erzurum yoresinde kuru (Daphan Ovasi) ve sulu (Pasinler Ovasi) tarim yapilan alanlardan alinan toprak orneklerine suya doygun kosullarda uygulanan degisik azotlu gubrelerin ve dozlarinin sera kosullarinda topraktaki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu’in elverisliligine etkisini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Denemenin baslangicinda, 30., 60. ve 90. gunlerinde her saksidan toprak ornegi alinarak bu orneklerin bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlari belirlenmistir. Deneme sonunda elde edilen verilere gore Daphan ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu degisimi, Pasinler ovasindan alinan toprak orneklerindeki degisimden daha belirgindir. Deneme suresince bitki tarafindan alinabilir Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu miktarlarinda baslangic degerlerine gore bir artis gozlenmis olup, maksimum degerler denemenin 30. gununde elde edilmistir. Belirlenen mikro elementler icinde baslangic degerlerine gore en fazla artis Fe’de en az artis ise Zn’da olmustur. Denemenin 30. gununden sonraki belirlemelerde mikro elementlerin elverisli miktarlarinda azalan yonde bir degisim izlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Suya doygunluk, azotlu gubre, azot dozu, besin elverisliligi Effect of Different Nitrogen FertilizerApplication to Daphan and Pasinler Soil Samples Under Saturated Conditions on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu Availability ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine effects of different N-fertilizers and doses on availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples collected from dry (Daphan plain) and irrigated (Pasinler plain) agricultural areas in Erzurum were left under saturated conditions, and sub-samples were taken at the begining, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment to determine amounts of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Results indicated that changes in the amount of plant available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil samples taken from Daphan Plain were more clear than those of the samples from Pasinler plain. As comparing with the initial values, the amount of plant available nutrients increased during the experiment period, but the highest increasing rate was determined at the 30th days from the beginning. Plant nutrient availability decreased after this. The rate of change in the amount of availability was highest in Fe and lowest in Zn. Keywords: Saturation, N-fertilizer, N-doses, plant nutrient availability.