Hilton Justino da Silva

A respiração oral em crianças e suas repercussões no estado nutricional

PURPOSE: identify nutritional state, masticatory function, respiratory mode, sense of smell and sense of taste among mouth breathing children. METHODS: nasal aeration, mastication, nutritional state of 77 mouth breathing children and 154 nasal breathers children between six and ten years were evaluated. RESULTS: mouth breathers exhibited alterations in the masticatory pattern when compared to the nasal-breathers, but did not have statistical significance in nutritional state. CONCLUSION: the oral-breathing children had more alteration in sleep, reduction in the ingestion of carbohydrate and increase in ingestion of lipids, however, no consistent data were found pointing out the association between mouth breathing and nutritional condition.

Adaptações na mastigação, deglutição e fonoarticulação em idosos de instituição de longa permanência

PURPOSE: to identify extant adaptations into stomatognathic functions of chew, deglutition and speech in aged people at a long permanence Institution. METHODS: 34 aged people, of both genders, being 15 feminine and 19 masculine, with ages ranging from 65 to 88 years, took part in the study. Interviews were carried through containing questions for the aged people on general health and feeding and speech therapy evaluations were performed in order to characterize functions of chew, deglutition and speech. RESULTS: as for chew, it was observed that the majority of aged people showed an adapted chew, with exaggerated participation of perioral muscles, heaves of jaw and predominant chew standard was bilateral simultaneous. As for deglutition, it was observed that this function as well as chew were an adapted form into the majority of volunteers majority, we also observed the occurrence of exaggerated participation of perioral muscles and noise during deglutition. In speech evaluation we noted that in more than 50% of the aged people, there was great air escape occurring during speaks, as well as a rise of reduced larynx and the presence of substitution, omission, distortion and imprecision. CONCLUSION: it was observed that aged people get adaptations during chew process in order to keep their possible diet next to when they were young. It was also noted that the studied aged people carry through some compensations during deglutition. The found speech characteristics do not limit severely aged people communication currently. It was still possible to observe that attendance to aged people needed to be carried through by an interdisciplinary team and that speech therapist can and must be part of this team assisting in preventing and/or rehabilitating issues related to stomatognathic functions.

Avaliação da aeração nasal pré e pós a realização de manobras de massagem e limpeza nasal

PURPOSE: to identify the modification of nasal aeration after the accomplishment of maneuvers of massage and nasal cleanness. METHODS: twenty children aging from four to eleven years with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis have been submitted to evaluation of nasal aeration with the Altmanns milimetric mirror. Initially, we was marked the air exhaled on the metallic plate, afterwards we made a massage and nasal cleanness for removing of the secretion, having a new benchmark to compare the results. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test the assumption of normality for the data and t-student test for paired samples. All conclusions were taken under 5% significance. RESULTS: it was observed that the obtained averages of the nasal aeration after the manipulations and cleanness in the region were significant: p<0,001. CONCLUSION: from the results obtained in this research it was possible to observe a significant increase in the nasal aeration after the massage and nasal cleanness.

Fonoaudiologia e estética facial: estudo de casos

Purpose: to describe the modifications in the face behavior after the speech language pathology treatment proposed for the face, by comparing the measurements of the projection related to the nasolabial sulcus to the tragus of these patients before and after the speech language pathology treatment. Methods: the surveyed population was mad up by 10 teachers treated at the “Hospital dos Servidores do Estado” aged between 33 and 63 years. Data collection process was made up by protocols, anamnesis and evaluation, performance protocol, in addition to the photographic record. A measurement of the nasolabial sulcus to the tragus was carried out. Throughout the 16-session, we carried on specific orientation about face isotonic, isometric and isokinetic exercises, massages, facial manipulation, functional equilibrium of the stomatognathic system besides the orientations about faces care. Results: a significant reduction in the measurements of the nasolabial sulcus projection to tragus in both sides was verified and also a significant balance was observed between the right and left sides. Conclusion: the treatment program proposed for the face reduced the measurements as for the projection the nasolabial sulcus to the tragus and provided balance among such measurements.

Short- and long-term effects of a neonatal low-protein diet in rats on the morphology of the larynx

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet during lactation on offspring laryngeal morphology. Our hypothesis was that a neonatal low-protein diet during the critical period of development alters micro- and macroscopic structures of the larynx in adult rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to a control (casein 17%, n=24) or low-protein (casein 8%, n=24) group according to their mothers diet during lactation. Body weight gain and growth rate were recorded throughout the experiment. The larynx was removed from offspring at days 22 and 60 of life. The anteroposterior and laterolateral lengths of the cartilages epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid were measured by a digital caliper. The supraglottis, glottis, infraglottis, and vocal cords were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and their structures were analyzed by a Scion Image Beta 4.0.2 program. RESULTS Pups from mothers fed a low-protein diet showed a lower body weight gain. The laterolateral and anteroposterior lengths of the larynx were shorter in undernourished offspring at 22 d old. There were no differences in the structure of the supraglottis, glottis, and infraglottis between groups except for keratinization in pups from undernourished mothers. The microstructure of the vocal cords was changed only at 60 d old. CONCLUSION Macroscopic structures of the larynx are sensitive to short-term effects of a neonatal low-protein diet. Vocal cord development can be studied within the context of programming because their microscopic structures are sensitive to the long-term effects of a low-protein diet during lactation.

Incomplete Swallowing and Retracted Tongue Maneuvers for Electromyographic Signal Normalization of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

PURPOSE To investigate which muscular maneuvers provide larger electric activity (EA) of the suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles to be used as surface electromyography (SEMG) signal normalization reference. METHODS The electrical potentials of the SH and IH muscles of 12 subjects were evaluated using six muscular maneuvers, involving the position of the tongue and effort. It was selected as maximum voluntary sustained activity maneuver, the one having the minor coefficient of variation and the smallest value for each muscle group. The EA signal was converted using the root mean square in microvolts. It was considered then the maximum signal of each maneuver as the difference between the mean of three measures and the resting potential. RESULTS The maneuvers that provided higher mean potentials with minor coefficient of variation and smallest P value were incomplete swallowing (IS) with effort (mean potential equal to 56.73±8.68 with coefficient of variation of 15.30%) in SH group, and tongue retracted with mouth open (TROM, mean potential equal to 46.57±7.83 with coefficient of variation of 16.81%) in IH group. CONCLUSION The IS with effort and TROM maneuvers should be considered for signal normalization in these muscles, respectively, and may provide conditions for using the SEMG in voice clinic. SIGNIFICANCE The use of normalization standards in researches of SH and IH muscles in the voice area will allow comparisons among future works.

Correlação entre o envelhecimento e as dimensões das pregas vocais

PURPOSE: to evaluate the dimensions of vocal folds in both genders and correlate them with aging. METHOD: we studied 30 cadavers (15 men and 15 women) from 60 to 102 year-old. For this purpose we followed four steps: 1st) History of the body; 2nd) Removal of the larynx, 3rd) Dissection of the larynx, 4th) Morphometry for the dimensions of the vocal folds. This is an experimental study. RESULTS: the length of the vocal male with an average of 15.90 mm was higher than the female with 10.39 mm. The width of the male vocal was higher with an average of 2.37 mm to 2.31 mm with a female. The overall average thickness was also higher in males with an average of 2.55 mm compared with women with 2.38 mm. No differences were found among age and the length, width and thickness of the vocal folds in both genders. CONCLUSION: the dimensions of length, width and thickness of the vocal folds were higher in males. But, there was no statistically significant difference among the three dimensions of the vocal folds during aging in both genders.

HPV and precancerous lesions of anal canal in women: systematic review.

ObjectiveThe infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anogenital area is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Although anal cancer is relatively uncommon in the general population, there has been a significant increase in incidence in recent years. In this review, we focused on research on anal lesions in women.MethodResearch on HPV and precancerous lesions of the anal canal was examined by a systematic literature review in the Cochrane Centre of Brazil, where 1,734 publications were identified in the databases Scielo Brazil, Pubmed, Lilac, Medline, and Old Medline, for the period 1966 to 2010. We selected two papers, published in 1994 and 2009, based on the inclusion–exclusion criteria.ResultsThe first paper refers to the study of the anal canal in HIV-negative women with previous genital pathology and its relationship to the presence of HPV, and the other compares two groups of women who are HIV+ and HIV− and its relationship with anal disease and HPV.ConclusionThe existence of previous genital neoplasia associated with HPV promotes the development of anal lesions, especially in younger patients, and a poor immune status contributes to the appearance of this pathologic finding.

Alterações e avaliação das funções do olfato e do paladar em laringectomizados totais: revisão sistemática

The aim of this study was to systematically review the alterations in smell and taste functions in individuals who underwent total laryngectomy, as well as to identify in the literature some aspects involved in the evaluation of these functions in this population. We performed a systematic review on the databases Medline, LILACS and SciELO, and this data search occurred in October/2010. The search used keywords and free terms, and retrieved 84 articles, 79 from Medline, via Pubmed, and five form LILACS and SciELO. Sixteen of these articles were selected. Most studies in this review attested decline in sensory of smell and taste functions in individuals who underwent total laryngectomy and, although there is consensus regarding the damage caused to these functions by the nasal airflow interruption, it is not yet possible to evidence details in the mechanisms and structures involved, especially regarding the modifications in the olfactory mucous.

Antropometria e mastigação em crianças asmáticas

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar os padroes da antropometria facial em criancas asmaticas; identificar a presenca de assimetrias faciais em criancas asmaticas e nao asmaticas; e relacionar o lado de predominio mastigatorio com a presenca de assimetria facial em criancas asmaticas e nao asmaticas. METODOS: participaram da pesquisa 60 criancas com idade entre 6 e 10 anos. Destas, 30 possuiam diagnostico em prontuario de asma moderada ou grave e 30 criancas nao apresentavam asma, fazendo parte do grupo controle. Foram realizadas avaliacoes antropometrica facial e da mastigacao dessas criancas. RESULTADOS: em relacao as mensuracoes antropometricas faciais nas criancas asmaticas e nao-asmaticas nao foram reveladas diferencas significativas entre os grupos. No que diz respeito a presenca de assimetrias faciais, observou-se que estas ocorreram no grupo controle, assim como, no grupo asmatico. O padrao mastigatorio predominante em ambos os grupos foi o bilateral simultâneo e quando relacionados a assimetria facial e o predominio mastigatorio, nao foram encontradas associacoes significantes. CONCLUSAO: nao foram encontradas diferencas significativas entre o grupo controle e o grupo asmatico em relacao as mensuracoes antropometricas. A assimetria facial foi observada nos dois grupos avaliados. Em ambos o padrao mastigatorio bilateral simultâneo foi predominante, porem quando realizada a relacao entre assimetria facial e o lado de predominio mastigatorio, nao se observou relacoes significativas.