Adriana Nogueira Figueiredo

Efeito do isolamento térmico de telhado sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte alojados em diferentes densidades

The work objective was to evaluate the effect of using a thermal insulating material installed as lining under the roof, on broiler performance, on environmental conditions of different broiler chickens stocking densities (10, 16 and 22 birds/m2) and on litter characteristics. The experiment was carried out during the summer, using 3328 chicks of Hubbard strain, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 3x2 (density and sex), with four replicates for each environment. For the environment comparison a conjunct analysis was used. During the experimental period, registered temperature data were collected in several points and times, and also relative humidity and radiant thermal load were registered. Nitrogen content, dry matter and temperature of litter were determined. Daily average temperatures and temperature range were lower and the relative humidity was higher in the insulated environment. The broiler performance was better in the insulated environment, where the broilers had higher feed intake, higher weight gain, better feed: gain ratio, lower mortality and higher production per area. Rectal temperature of birds reared on the non insulated environment was higher than the birds reared on the insulated environment. As the rearing densities increased, the mortality increased, however the production per area was higher. The litter production was not affected by insulation, but it decreased the nitrogen percentage. Increasing stocking densities lead to an increase of litter production, but it did not affect the nitrogen percentage. The use of thermal insulation allowed increasing the broilers stocking density.

Exigências energéticas para mantença e para o crescimento de frangos de corte

This work was conducted to determine the energy requirements for broilers using the factorial method. The metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance (MEm) were determined at 13, 23 and 32oC (±2 C) by the comparative slaughter technique. ME requirements for weight gain were estimated considering the net efficiency of energy utilization for growth and body energy content. The energy requirements for maintenance were of 159.36, 116.17, and 128.66 kcal/kg0.75/day at 13, 23, and 32oC, respectively, and quadratic effect of temperature (T) on the maintenance requirement (MEm=300.14 - 14.61 T + 0.2876 T2, r2=0.90) was detected. Metabolizable energy requirements for weight gain for males and females were of 3.72 and 3.98; 4.21 and 3.93; 4.51 and 7.04 kcal/g, for the periods from 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 43 to 56 days of age, respectively. Considering the requirements, prediction models were designed for ME requirements using adjustments for body weight, daily weight gain and temperature. The models predicted the ME requirements for broilers as redult of from breed manual recommendations and the studied models.

Adição de gesso agrícola em três tipos de cama de aviário na fixação de nitrogênio e no desempenho de frango de corte

Trabalho apresentado pelo primeiro autor a Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias da Universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, para Graduacao em Zootecnia. Zootecnista formada pela FCAV/UNESP – Jaboticabal. Professores do Departamento de Zootecnia, FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal. E-mail: sakomura@fcav.unesp.br. Autor para correspondencia. Estudante de Pos-Graduacao em Producao Animal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal. RESUMOAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the addition or not of calcium sulfate and three differents types of litter (rice seed coat. wood shaver and peanut seed coat). on the pH, dry matter and nitrogen fixation in the litter and on the broiler performance. A randomized complete design with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 x 2 {three different type of litter, two levels of calcium sulfate and two sex) was used with three replicates (n = 1440; 40 chicks per replicate) per treatment. In each treatment was used 35kg of litter and O or 15kg of calcium sulfate. The broiler performance was evaluated at 21, 38 and 45 days of age. Samples of litter were coilected at the end of the experiment. The results show that the addition or not of calcium sulfate did not influence the performance of the birds and did not decrease the lose of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization, but decreased the pH in the litter. The litter the differents types of materiais used in the litter did not influence the broilers performance. However, when the wood shaver was used, the feed in take was higher. The dry matter and nitrogen were not affected by any of the parameters studied. The different types of material and levels of calcium sulfate used in the litter did not affect the dry matter and nitrogen content. The nitrogen content where the inale were raised was higher than the litter of the females. This may be affected by the higher manure production by the males.

Equações de predição das exigências protéicas para frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to determine prediction equations for crude protein (CP) requirements for males and females broilers using the factorial method. In order to determine the crude protein for the maintenance was used the nitrogen balance technique. The crude protein requirements for weight gain were determined based on body nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization efficiency for the diet. Considering the requirements for maintenance and weight gain were elaborated prediction equations for CP requirements (g/bird/day) for males broilers (7 to 21 days - PB = 1.323xW0.75 + 0.256xG, 22 to 42 days - PB = 1.323xW0.75 + 0.277xG, and 43 to 56 days - PB = 1.323xW0.75 + 0.283xG) and females (7 to 21 days - PB = 1.748xW0.75 + 0.258xG, 22 to 42 days - PB = 1.748xW0.75 + 0.274xG, and 43 a 56 days - PB = 1.748xW0.75 + 0.300xG) where W = body weight (kg) and G = daily weight gain (g/day). The prediction equations utilization is recommended to determine the minimal nitrogen or crude protein requirements considering the amino acid requirements.

Addition of calcium sulfate in three types of litter about the fixation of nitrogen and on broiler performance

Trabalho apresentado pelo primeiro autor a Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias da Universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, para Graduacao em Zootecnia. Zootecnista formada pela FCAV/UNESP – Jaboticabal. Professores do Departamento de Zootecnia, FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal. E-mail: sakomura@fcav.unesp.br. Autor para correspondencia. Estudante de Pos-Graduacao em Producao Animal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal. RESUMOAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the addition or not of calcium sulfate and three differents types of litter (rice seed coat. wood shaver and peanut seed coat). on the pH, dry matter and nitrogen fixation in the litter and on the broiler performance. A randomized complete design with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 x 2 {three different type of litter, two levels of calcium sulfate and two sex) was used with three replicates (n = 1440; 40 chicks per replicate) per treatment. In each treatment was used 35kg of litter and O or 15kg of calcium sulfate. The broiler performance was evaluated at 21, 38 and 45 days of age. Samples of litter were coilected at the end of the experiment. The results show that the addition or not of calcium sulfate did not influence the performance of the birds and did not decrease the lose of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization, but decreased the pH in the litter. The litter the differents types of materiais used in the litter did not influence the broilers performance. However, when the wood shaver was used, the feed in take was higher. The dry matter and nitrogen were not affected by any of the parameters studied. The different types of material and levels of calcium sulfate used in the litter did not affect the dry matter and nitrogen content. The nitrogen content where the inale were raised was higher than the litter of the females. This may be affected by the higher manure production by the males.

Effect of addition of calcium sulfate to 3 types of litter on fixation of nitrogen and on broiler performance.

Trabalho apresentado pelo primeiro autor a Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias da Universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, para Graduacao em Zootecnia. Zootecnista formada pela FCAV/UNESP – Jaboticabal. Professores do Departamento de Zootecnia, FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal. E-mail: sakomura@fcav.unesp.br. Autor para correspondencia. Estudante de Pos-Graduacao em Producao Animal, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal. RESUMOAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the addition or not of calcium sulfate and three differents types of litter (rice seed coat. wood shaver and peanut seed coat). on the pH, dry matter and nitrogen fixation in the litter and on the broiler performance. A randomized complete design with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 x 2 {three different type of litter, two levels of calcium sulfate and two sex) was used with three replicates (n = 1440; 40 chicks per replicate) per treatment. In each treatment was used 35kg of litter and O or 15kg of calcium sulfate. The broiler performance was evaluated at 21, 38 and 45 days of age. Samples of litter were coilected at the end of the experiment. The results show that the addition or not of calcium sulfate did not influence the performance of the birds and did not decrease the lose of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization, but decreased the pH in the litter. The litter the differents types of materiais used in the litter did not influence the broilers performance. However, when the wood shaver was used, the feed in take was higher. The dry matter and nitrogen were not affected by any of the parameters studied. The different types of material and levels of calcium sulfate used in the litter did not affect the dry matter and nitrogen content. The nitrogen content where the inale were raised was higher than the litter of the females. This may be affected by the higher manure production by the males.