Agustina Dwi Wijayanti

Detection of Trenbolone Acetate in Beef Muscle and Liver Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

The use of trenbolone acetate (TBA) as growth promotor was legal in some regions, and it has to be considered since there are no rules yet in Indonesia committed to TBA application in beef. As a step for preconditioning the policy of TBA used as growth promotor in beef, the validated method of hormone detection is needed to be established. This research was aimed to validate the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for TBA detection as a tool to control the hormone residue in meat. The imported beef muscles and liver were obtained from a supermarket in Yogyakarta. All samples (n = 10) were kept in the freezer (−18 °C) before analysis. The HPLC method is developed from sample extraction, cleanup with solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, and the hormone concentration analysis using standard curve of TBA. The method has validated and gave the values of LOD (limit of detection): 1 × 10−5 μg · L−1 (muscle) and 1 × 10−4 μg · L−1 (liver). The LOQ (limit of quantification): 1 × 10−4 μg · L−1 (muscle) and 1 × 10−3 μg · L−1 (liver) and R2 = 0.99 (muscle and liver). The analysis results were three positive TBA in muscles (0.730 μg · L−1, 0.074 μg · L−1 and 0.116 μg · L−1) and two positive in livers (0.080 μg · L−1 and 0.130 μg · L−1). All TBA levels in tissues were not exceeding the maximum residue limits of TBA according to the Codex Alimentarius Commissions. This HPLC analysis procedure could be done as a detection method for TBA in beef tissues.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri dari Tinja Orangutan Penderita Gangguan Gastrointestinal (BACTERIAL ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION IN FAECES OF ORANGUTAN WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCE)

Orangutans are among protected animals by the law. One of orangutans’ main health problems isgastrointestinal disease due to bacterial infection. Microbiological data of causative agent of illness inorangutan still not much reported scientifically. This research aim was to identify causative agent ofbacterial infection on gastrointestinal disorder in orangutan isolated from stool samples. The sampleswere collected from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Yogyakarta and Borneo Orangutan Survival, Semboja,Kalimantan Timur. Fresh fecal samples were collected using sterile swab and put them into a steriletransport media. To achieve pure cultures, bacterial isolation was performed by using plate streaking onselective media. Gram stain was done to confirm the cell uniformity and morphology. Bacterialidentification was performed according to Bergey’s Manual Determinative Bacteriology on some biochemicalcharacters to determine the isolated bacteria. The result showed that three bacteria were identified fromstool samples orangutan from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Yogyakarta, i.e.: Citrobacter amalonaticus,Providensia rustigianii, and Proteus mirabilis. Meanwhile, three bacteria, which were Klebsiella planticola,Enterobanter agglomerans and Escherichia coli, were also identified in samples taken from Borneo orangutan.