Alberto Grao-Cruces

ADHERENCIA A LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN ADOLESCENTES RURALES Y URBANOS DEL SUR DE ESPAÑA, SATISFACCIÓN CON LA VIDA, ANTROPOMETRÍA Y ACTIVIDADES FÍSICAS Y SEDENTARIAS

BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthier diet models. Mediterranean food patterns are suffering a deterioration that can especially affect children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE Determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents of southern Spain and its relationship with the residence area, sex, age, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and habits of physical activity and sedentary activities. METHODOLOGY A total of 1973 adolescents (11-18 years) of southern Spain participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Cut-off value between rural and urban locations was 10000 inhabitants. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated from the KIDMED questionnaire. Life satisfaction, physical activity, and sedentary activities also were measured through valid and reliable questionnaires. Body mass index and % body fat were measured using the TANITA BC-420-S body analyzer. RESULTS 30.9% of the adolescents reported an optimal quality diet, percent higher in rural locations (P < 0.05). Adherence was lower in older adolescents (P < 0.001), it was not different between sexes or according to anthropometric variables. Adolescents more satisfied with their lives (P < 0.001), more active (P < 0.001), more studious (P < 0.001), and less sedentary in front of a screen (P < 0.001) showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern. CONCLUSION The majority of adolescents need to improve their nutritional quality. Compared with these subjects, the adolescents most adherent to the Mediterranean diet had a healthier lifestyle and they showed greater life satisfaction.

Influence of physical fitness on cognitive and academic performance in adolescents: A systematic review from 2005–2015

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association of different components of physical fitness on cognitive performance (CP) and academic performance (AP) in adolescents, taking into account potential confounders. Method: Studies were identified in four databases (Pubmed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) from January 2005 through to January 2015. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: 8 studies showed association between physical fitness and CP, and 11 studies with AP. Cardiorespiratory fitness, speed-agility, motor coordination, and perceptual-motor skill are the highest measures associated with CP and AP. However, the findings on strength and flexibility are unclear. Finally, 62% of the 21 studies used confounders. The most controlled confounder were socioeconomic status, fatness, pubertal status, sex, and age. Conclusion: Fitness is associated with higher CP and AP. More research is needed in order to understand the causes of the differential effect of physical fitness components on CP and AP.

Association of fitness with life satisfaction, health risk behaviors, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Spanish adolescents.

Abstract Grao-Cruces, A, Fernández-Martínez, A, and Nuviala, A. Association of fitness with life satisfaction, health risk behaviors, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Spanish adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 28(8): 2164–2172, 2014—The aim of this study was to examine the association between aerobic, musculoskeletal, and motor capacity and life satisfaction, risk behavior, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents. A total of 1,988 Spanish adolescents (12–16 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. Life satisfaction, risk behavior, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were measured by validated questionnaires for these ages. Aerobic, musculoskeletal muscle, and motor capacity were evaluated objectively with the ALPHA battery tests. Adolescents with low aerobic capacity had a higher risk of showing less (vs. very happy) life satisfaction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.303, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1,054–1,611). These adolescents were also more likely to report risk behaviors such as sometimes (vs. never) of smoking tobacco (OR = 1.752, 95% CI = 1,218–2,520), besides having a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (vs. high) (OR = 1.410, 95% CI = 1,113–1,786). Adolescents with low upper-body musculoskeletal capacity showed a lower risk of reporting risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption or getting drunk occasionally (vs. never) (OR = 0.662, 95% CI = 520–843; OR = 0.561, 95% CI = 419–753, respectively). The results suggest that the aerobic capacity contributes significantly to greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, greater life satisfaction, and lower tobacco consumption, whereas musculoskeletal capacity seems to be related to alcohol consumption.

Calidad, satisfacción y valor percibido de los usuarios de un servicio deportivo público

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the perceived quality, satisfaction and perceived value of the sports service users. The sample consisted of 646 users. Each user filled in a self-administered questionnaire, which gave their valid psychometric properties to assess the perceived quality, satisfaction and perceived value.The results obtained showed that the quality of service received was good sport, being the technical and service personnel the best values and the information being provided to the weakest users. Also positive was the assessment of satisfaction and perceived value to the user. Both satisfaction and perceived value of the service depends primarily on an intangible factor and activities.

Teaching personal and social responsibility model-based programmes in physical education A systematic review

The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of research on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme within physical education. Papers selected for analysis were found through searches of Web of Science, SportDiscus (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and ERIC (ProQuest) databases. The keywords ‘responsibility model’ and ‘physical education’ were used in different combinations. The relevant articles were checked for the following criteria: (a) the study has been published in a peer-reviewed international journal; (b) it included Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme implementation; (c) programmes were implemented within physical education classes; and (d) the full text was available in English or Spanish. The quality of the selected studies was scored using a quality assessment list. Twenty-two papers that satisfied the selection criteria were identified. A practical analysis of these papers to present the results placed them into three categories: (a) impact of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme on teachers; (b) programme implementation features; and (c) outcomes of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility-based programme on student participants. Longer studies with follow-up data, quantitative methodological designs, and larger samples would be particularly important for future investigations.

Relationship of physical activity and sedentarism with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and Mediterranean diet in Spanish teenagers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study examined the association of physical activity and sedentarism with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in teenagers of both genders. METHODS A total number of 1897 Spanish teenagers (12-16 year-olds) took part in the present cross-sectional study. The variables were measured by means of questionnaires previously validated for these ages. RESULTS Physical activity was positively associated to the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet for both genders (ß = .144, P < .001 for boys and ß = .066, P< .05 for girls), and inversely associated to smoking for boys (ß = -.135, P = <.001). Sedentary behaviors for leisure purposes (TV and PC) were negatively associated to adherence to the Mediterranean diet for both boys (ß =-.100 and ß = -.104, both P < .05, respectively) and girls (ß= -.148 and ß = -.141, both P <.001), and positively associated to alcohol consumption for girls (ß = .114, P < .01 and ß = .199, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION results suggest that physical activity and sedentary behaviors have an important relationship with the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in teenagers. Also, higher levels of physical activity in boys can lead to reduced tobacco use, while watching TV and PC leisure can lead to increased alcohol consumption in girls.

Construcción y validación del cuestionario G_Clinic para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de enfermería de las unidades de gestión clínica

Fundamentos: La satisfaccion laboral de los profesionales de enfermeria es un factor determinante en la calidad y adaptacion organizativa de los modelos de gestion clinica en el actual contexto socioeconomico. El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar un cuestionario para conocer el nivel de satisfaccion laboral de los profesionales enfermeros en las Unidades de Gestion Clinica en el Sistema Sanitario Publico Andaluz. Metodos: Estudio clinimetrico y transversal, tomando como muestra a 314 profesionales de enfermeria pertenecientes a los Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocio y Virgen Macarena de Sevilla. Las encuestas se realizaron en 2011, entre los meses de marzo a junio. Se utilizo como base el cuestionario Font Roja adaptado a las variables de nuestra investigacion. Se realizo el analisis de correlaciones, fiabilidad, validez de constructo mediante Analisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Analisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) para comprobar el modelo aprioristico. Resultados: Se construyo un cuestionario con 10 items, cuya consistencia interna es de 0,75 con un porcentaje explicativo de la varianza del 63,67%. El AFC corroboro 4 dimensiones (clima laboral, relaciones laborales, motivacion y reconocimiento): χ2 significativo (p<,001); χ²/gl=2,013; GFI=0,958, RMR=0,055 y RMSEA=0,057; AGFI=0,927, NFI=0,878, TLI=0,902, CFI=0,933 e IFI=0,935; AIC=132,486 y ECVI=0,423. Conclusiones: Este nuevo cuestionario (G_Clinic) mejora los valores del cuestionario Font Roja, ya que disminuye el numero de items, mejora la fiabilidad de cada una de las dimensiones, aumenta el valor de la varianza explicada y posibilita conocer la satisfaccion de los profesionales de enfermeria en la gestion clinica.BACKGROUND Job satisfaction of nurses is a determinant factor in the quality and organizational adaptation of clinical management models in the current socio-economic context. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction of nurses in the Clinical Management Units in the Andalusian Public Health System. METHODS Clinimetric and cross-sectional study with a sample of 314 nurses of two university hospitals from Seville. Nurses were surveyed in 2011, from March to June. We used the Font Roja questionnaire adapted to our study variables. We performed analyses of correlations, reliability and construct validity, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the a priori model. RESULTS The end questionnaire consists of 10 items, whose internal consistency was 0.75, with a percentage of variance explaining of 63.67%. CFA confirmed 4 dimensions (work environment, work relationships, motivation, and recognition): significant χ2 (p < .001); χ2/gl = 2.013; GFI= 0.958, RMR = 0.055 y RMSEA = 0.057; AGFI = 0.927, NFI = 0.878, TLI = 0.902, CFI =0.933 e IFI = 0.935; AIC = 132.486 y ECVI = 0.423. CONCLUSION This new questionnaire (G_Clinic) improves clinimetric values of the Font Roja questionnaire, because it reduces the number of items, improves the reliability of the dimensions, increases the value of variance explained, and allows knowing job satisfaction of nurses in clinical managementt.

Duration of membership at sports centers and reasons for quitting.

Reasons for quitting membership at a sports center and their relation with socio-demographic characteristics and duration of membership were investigated. 642 individuals (55.4% men, 44.6% women), who had recently quit membership at a Spanish sports center, completed a questionnaire. There were significant differences in reasons for quitting on age, occupation, type of activities, and time spent on membership activities. The main reason was financial, regardless of the duration of membership.

Female users of unisex fitness centres and of fitness centres exclusive for women: satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to determine how an instrument – designed to assess quality, value, and satisfaction – works, and compare results obtained in female users of unisex sports services and fitness centres and female users of exclusively female sports services and fitness centres.,A total of 745 women belonging to 62 sports services and fitness centres took part in this study; 36.60 per cent were members of female-exclusive centres. The average age was 32.97±14.11 years. In total, 38.70 per cent of the women surveyed used the sports services and fitness centres twice a week for 66.37±32.87 minutes on average. The EPOD2 questionnaire was used. This instrument is made up of 25 items and measures quality, value, and satisfaction. The invariance of the factorial structure in the two groups was verified and regression coefficients were calculated for the relationships in the model.,The model is stable in both of the groups. Quality is a predecessor of value and satisfaction. Value is related to a large extent to Satisfaction. The dimensions of quality (activity, sports instructors, service personnel, and space) are directly related to value and/or satisfaction. There are significant differences in the standardised values that relate quality and its dimensions with the value and satisfaction between women users of female-exclusive centres and women users of unisex centres.,This paper is important because the findings of this study can be applicable to help sports services and fitness centres, whether unisex centres or female-exclusive centres, obtain better assessments from female users.

O MOTIVO DO ABANDONO DE UM CENTRO DE ESPORTES ESPANHOL, POR PARTE DOS SEUS USUÁRIOS: SEGMENTAÇÃO

Dropping out any organized sport activity is a socioeconomic problem. Knowing the reasons users quit sport centers and homogenizing these reasons into segments offers a large practical application. These were the goals of the study. The sample included 642 customers who dropped out certain sport center. The tool used was an attrition rate scale in sport centers. Descriptive and clusters analyzes were carried out. Results pointed out economical reasons as the main factor of attrition. Cluster analysis confirmed those conclusions in every segment, showing differences by sex and educational level.