Alessandra Nogueira Porto

Effects of two chronic stress models on ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats

OBJECTIVES The present study aims at comparing the effects of physical and variable chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. DESIGN Forty-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=12): physical stress, variable stress, positive control and negative control. The models of physical stress were immobilization and immobilization associated with exposure to cold. The models of variable stress were exposure to intermittent light, 24h isolation, oral cavity examination, crowded environment, smell of blood and noise. After 10 days of physical or variable stress animals underwent experimental induction of periodontal disease in one oral side. Positive control also underwent experimental induction of periodontal disease on the 10th day. Negative control did not receive any type of intervention. At the end of the experimental period (60 days), all animals were euthanized. After routine laboratory processing, images of the histological sections were digitised and submitted to histometric measurement using two parameters: histologic attachment loss and bone loss. RESULTS Histological attachment loss and bone loss were greater (p<0.05) in the physical stress group than in the other groups (variable stress, positive and negative control groups). On the non-periodontitis side, these same histological parameters did not significantly differ amongst groups. CONCLUSIONS Physical stress negatively modulated the response pattern to experimentally induced periodontitis in rats.

Effect of chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood.

PURPOSE To investigate the effect chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood. METHODS Ten couples of adult Wistar rats were selected for mating. After birth, the female and their respective offsprings were allocated into two groups. Ligature Group (LG): offsprings were only watched during breast-feeding; Stress-ligature Group (SLG): after 24h of live birth, the offsprings were moved away from their mothers every day for four hours during breast-feeding for 20 days; in both approaches, after reaching ± 250g, ten rats were included in the groups. Periodontal disease was induced by a silk suture placed around the maxillary right second molar. The left side was used as control. After 15 days, the animals were subjected to euthanasia, maxillary bones were removed and stored in 10% formaldehyde. After 48h, radiographs were taken and revealed and were used for bone destruction analysis. Examiner was blind and calibrated for measurements. RESULTS Stress-ligature group presented higher bone loss values in relation to ligature group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Exposure to chronic stress imposed on offsprings produced a greater progression of bone loss induced during adulthood.

Effects of Forced Alcohol Intake Associated with Chronic Stress on the Severity of Periodontitis: An Animal Model Study

This study histometrically evaluated the effect of forced alcohol intake by stressed animals on the severity of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided in four groups: group GAL—alcohol and ligature; group GASL—alcohol, chronic physical stress, and ligature; GNC—negative control; GPC—positive control. GAL and GASL received 20% ethanol ad libitum, and GNC received water ad libitum for 60 days. After 24 hours of exposition to alcohol intake—by GAL and GASL—immobilization was applied as a chronic stressor in the GASL group for a two-month period, six times a week, in random hours. The means of the respective groups were statistically compared (Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests, P < 0.05). The most severe periodontal breakdown was observed in nonstressed animals which drank alcohol (GAL), followed by stressed animals exposed to alcohol (GASL). GASL did not differ from the positive control group (GPC). The negative control group showed the lowest values of periodontal breakdown (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Non-stressed alcohol consumer animals showed the most severe pattern of periodontal breakdown. Although stressed animals which were forced to drink alcohol showed poorer periodontal status than the negative controls, their results were similar to those of positive controls.

Oral and endotracheal tubes colonization by periodontal bacteria: a case–control ICU study

Periodontal infection is a possible risk factor for respiratory disorders; however, no studies have assessed the colonization of periodontal pathogens in endotracheal tubes (ET). This case–control study analyzed whether periodontal pathogens are able to colonize ET of dentate and edentulous patients in intensive care units (ICU) and whether oral and ET periodontal pathogen profiles have any correlation between these patients. We selected 18 dentate and 18 edentulous patients from 78 eligible ICU patients. Oral clinical examination including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index , and plaque index was performed by a single examiner, followed by oral and ET sampling and processing by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (total bacterial load, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia). Data were statistically analyzed by Mann–Whitney U, two-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Among dentate, there was no correlation between clinical parameters and ET bacterial levels. Both dentate and edentulous patients showed similar ET bacterial levels. Dentate patients showed no correlation between oral and ET bacterial levels, while edentulous patients showed positive correlations between oral and ET levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia. Periodontal pathogens can colonize ET and the oral cavity of ICU patients. Periodontal pathogen profiles tend to be similar between dentate and edentulous ICU patients. In ICU patients, oral cavity represents a source of ET contamination. Although accompanied by higher oral bacterial levels, teeth do not seem to influence ET bacterial profiles.

Antimicrobial effectiveness of different trademarks mouthwashes with and without alcohol against different organisms: in vitro study

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes with and without alcohol on some microorganisms. Methods: Periogard®, Cepacol®, Plax Classic® and Oral-B® were the substances used for this purpose. For this study, 40 plates of Petri with medium blood agar were used for the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To measure the inhibition zones, a single trained examiner used a stereomicroscope and a digital caliper. After data collection, the medias were compared using the ANOVA (analysis of variance) with Bonferroni test post-hoc correction for 5% significance level. Results: Periogard®, with and without alcohol, showed the best results. Plax® without alcohol presented the poorest results. Plax® with alcohol was the best substance in relation to S. aureus. The others results remained with better effectiveness in relation to control substance. Conclusion: The alcohol-free mouthwashes did not have the same efficacy of antimicrobial rinses with alcohol in relation to microorganisms tested in this study.

Unusual Dermoid Cyst in Oral Cavity

Dermoid cysts in oral cavity are unusual lesions. Their etiology is not yet clear and can be associated with trapped cells as a result of the inclusion error resulting in the development into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm tissues. The aim of this case report is to evidence the presence of a dermoid cyst in the floor of mouth surgically removed. In the present case, the lesion showed soft consistency, floating, regular borders, smooth surface, and the same color as the adjacent mucosa, asymptomatic and measuring 4.5 × 5.5 cm in its greatest diameter. The initial diagnostic was ranula in consequence of the similarity with clinical characteristics and localization. After surgical removal lesion, a fibrotic capsule was identified with a friable material with intensive yellow color. The microscopic exam showed cystic lesion with cavity lined by squamous stratified epithelium hyperorthokeratinized. Cutaneous attachments, such as sebaceous glands and hair follicles, were present in connective adjacent tissue. Surgical intervention is elective in these situations. All dentists must have a thorough knowledge of this unusual lesion.

Oral surgical procedures and pain, postoperative after use the ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, 600 mg) and analgesic (Acetaminophen, 750 mg) drugs on postoperative pain. Material and methods: Patients with indications for surgery were selected, and a total of 57 patients, 20 male (35.1%) and 37 female (64.9%) were included in the study. Of these, 26 patients were placed in the acetaminophen group, and 31 were placed in the ibuprofen group. The average age of the patients was 30 years. The following types of surgeries were included in the evaluation: clinical crown lengthening, gingivectomy, pre-prosthetic surgery, labial frenum and frenum lingual. The surgeries were performed by students in a postgraduate training program in periodontics. Subsequent surgery, postoperative period orientations were provided by the researcher, and the medication to be prescribed was selected at random allocation. Both medications were administered for 48-h periods. A visual analogue scale with values ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represented no pain and 10 represented maximum pain, was provided to the patients, and the patients were asked to rate their pain using this scale each time they took the medication. At the time of the follow-up visit, the patient data were given to the researcher and subsequently tabulated and applied to the statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, p 0.05). Conclusions: There was no difference in postoperative periodontal surgery pain after the use of anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs.

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Students in a Subpopulation of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Aim: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children and students enrolled in public schools and in the Araguaia Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Guarantã do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with randomly selected children and adolescents from 6 to 16 years. The students were examined at the selected institutions under natural light by a trained examiner. The sample size was calculated using a 95% confidence interval and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 400 children and adolescents were selected, 176 (44%) males and 224 females (56%). At facial analysis, the most prevalent facial patterns were mesofacial (43%), dolichofacial (41%), and brachyfacial (16%). In facial profile, 48% were convex, 39% straight, and 13% concave. The occlusal relationship found was 44% class I, 36% class II, and 20% class III; 62% vertical malocclusions, 54% horizontal and 66% harmful habits (bucconasal breathing, finger sucking, and pacifier sucking) were also found. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion was high; over 50% had some type of occlusal changes. Clinical significance: Cross-sectional studies have their importance, as they show the disease situation in different places, subsiding decision-making for prevention and treatment strategies, adapting to the regional financial reality in an attempt to reduce health inequalities among the various social and economic strata of the population.

Ortho-surgical treatment of Class III dentofacial deformity

Class III facial pattern is characterized by a negative sagittal lineament and has been one of the greatest challenges in orthodontics. This is due to the poor prognosis of this type of malocclusion. The treatment of this malocclusion, in adulthood, involves orthodontic mechanics combined with orthognathic surgery. In general, the facial aspect is greatly compromised, and this is precisely what encourages the patient to seek treatment in most cases. This study is based on a clinical case whose treatment consisted of two surgical steps: Palatal disjunction followed by procedures in the mandible (osteotomy for bilateral sagittal split and mentoplasty) and maxilla (Le Fort I). In the cases of major maxillomandibular discrepancies, surgical-orthodontic treatment )is indicated, considering that none of specialties alone show functional and aesthetically satisfactory results.

Chronic stress increases bone resorption in apical periodontitis stress and endodontic disease in rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to radiographically evaluate the effects of chronic stress on induced endodontic disease in rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided