Evanice Menezes Marçal Vieira

Optical density of bone repair after implantation of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix in diabetic rabbits

This research evaluated the bone repair process after implantation of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix (HDDM) in surgical defects in the parietal bone of rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes, using a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFe) barrier for guided bone regeneration. Thirty-six rabbits were used and divided into four groups: control (C, n = 12), diabetic (D, n = 12, left parietal bone), diabetic with PTFe (D-PTFe, same 12 rabbits, right parietal bone), and diabetic with PTFe associated to HDDM (D-PTFe+HDDM, n = 12). Bone defects were created in the parietal bone of the rabbits and the experimental treatments were performed, where applicable. The rabbits were sacrificed after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The bone defects were examined radiographically and by optical density (ANOVA and Tukey test, p < .05). The radiographic findings showed that the D-PTFe+HDDM group presented greater radiopacity and better trabecular bone arrangement when compared to that of the C, D and D-PTFe groups. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the optical density of the newly formed bone among the studied groups. It was possible to conclude that HDDM was biocompatible in diabetic rabbits.

Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Brazilian indians from Umutina Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil

A ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontal disease, especially localized aggressive periodontitis, produces a potent leukotoxin and its distribution is influenced by ethnic characteristics of the population. Objective: Using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, this study evaluated the occurrence of this microorganism and the distribution of leukotoxic strains isolated from Indians belonging to the Umutima Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Material and Methods: Forty-eight native Brazilians with gingivitis and 38 with chronic periodontitis, belonging to Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena ethnicities, were studied. Subgingival, supragingival and saliva samples of each patient were collected and transferred to VMGA III medium and to ultra pure Milli Q water. Bacteria were grown on TSBV agar and incubated in anaerobiosis (90% N2 + 10% CO2) at 37°C for 72 h. The presence of the ltx promoter was determined by PCR, and a 530 bp deletion in the promoter was evaluated by using specific primers. Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with gingivitis and from 18.42% of saliva and supragingival biofilm, and 26.32% subgingival biofilm from patients with chronic periodontitis. By PCR, the bacterial DNA was detected in 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival biofilms from patients with gingivitis and from 23.68% of saliva, 28.95% supragingival biofilm and 34.21% subgingival biofilm from patients with periodontitis. All strains were grouped as non-JP2 clones based on the absence of deletion in the leukotoxin promoter. Differences among the microbial and clinical parameters in patients were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fishers exact tests. Conclusions: The present results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans can be related to the attachment loss in this population, but the presence of minimally leukotoxic strains, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis in these native Brazilians need to be further investigated.

Susceptibility of strict and facultative anaerobes Isolated from endodontic infections to metronidazole and beta-lactams

Endodontic infections are mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections and several microbial groups associated to these pathologies are also involved in orofacial infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from endodontic infections to β-lactams and metronidazole and verify the production of β-lactamases. Clinical specimens were collected from 58 endodontic infections of 52 patients. The microorganisms were isolated in selective and non-selective culture media, under anaerobiosis and aerobiosis, and identified using biochemical methods. In the susceptibility tests, it was used an agar dilution method, and Wilkins-Chalgren agar enriched with blood, hemin and menadione for the anaerobes, while Mueller- Hinton agar was employed for the facultative anaerobes. The production of β-lactamases was evaluated through the biological and chromogenic cephalosporin methods. All tested isolates were sensitive to imipenem and 99.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate association, while 16.1% showed resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G, and 4.89% to cefoxitin. Resistance to metronidazole was just found in facultative anaerobes. Production of β-lactamases was detected in 18.2% of the isolates and presented a correlation with resistance to β-lactams.

Bone regeneration in cranioplasty and clinical complications in rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes

This research evaluated the bone repair process in surgical defects created on the parietal bones of diabetic rabbits using the guided bone regeneration technique to observe the effects of alloxan in the induction of diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four adult rabbits were divided into three study groups: control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic associated to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane (D-PTFE). For diabetes induction the animals received one dose of monohydrated alloxan (90 mg/kg) by intravenous administration in the auricular or femoral vein. In group D-PTFE the membrane covered both the floor and the surface of the bone defect. In groups D and C, the bone defect was filled up with blood clot. The specimens were fixed in 10% formol and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the 90 mg/kg dose of monohydrate alloxan was sufficient to promote diabetes mellitus when administered in the auricular vein. Bone regeneration was slower in the diabetic group when compared with the control and diabetic-PTFE groups, but there was no significant statistical difference between the two experimental groups (D and D-PTFE). The oral and general clinical complications among the diabetics were weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia and severe chronic gingivitis.

Evaluation of Oral Health in a Community of Native Brazilians of the Umutina Reservation, Mato Grosso State

La ocurrencia de enfermedades y variaciones de normalidad son muy comunes en el complejo maxilofacial. Este fenomeno se asocia estrechamente a determinantes geneticos peculiares y son influenciados a traves del aislamiento genetico. Estudios sobre la distribucion de enfermedad oral y variaciones de la normalidad en nativos Sudamericanos son generalmente dirigidos al estudio de la caries dental en ninos y enfermedad periodontal en adultos, dejando de lado una amplia gama de otras enfermedades orales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la distribucion de lesiones y las variaciones anatomicas de normalidad en ocho grupos etnicos indigenas pertenecientes a la reserva Umutina, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, a traves del examen fisico y oral, ademas de la evaluacion citologica y valoracion de dieta y habitos como tabaco y consumo de alcohol. Un total de 291 indigenas de ambos sexos, con edades que van de 1 a 96 anos fueron examinados, identificandose 132 variaciones de normalidad, evidenciando una alta ocurrencia de anquiloglosia, la cual se presento en 108 casos (37,1%), seguido por glositis migratoria benigna en 5 casos (1,7%); torus mandibular y candidiasis en 3 casos (1,0%). Ninguna lesion maligna se identifico en la poblacion.

Infection of keratocystic odontogenic tumour by pseudomonas aeruginosa

The oral cavity may represent a reservoir of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in patients with periodontitis; this makes treatment more difficult and, in the case of opportunistic infections, may worsen the conditions of debilitated patients, such as the elderly and immunossupressed. The present investigation aims at using a clinical case to discuss the possibility of a secondary infection of a keratocystic odontogenic tumor by P. aeruginosa multiresistant to antimicrobial agents.

Influencia del síndrome de Gilbert en los valores de bilirrubina sérica y presencia de litiasis vesicular en pacientes con hemólisis crónica congénita

Resumen Con el objetivo de evaluar si la presencia de sindrome de Gilbert aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar litiasis vesicular en ninos con enfermedad hemolitica cronica, se estudiaron 44 ninos con este diagnostico. El diagnostico de litiasis vesicular se establecio mediante ultrasonografia. Esta se efectuo anualmente de forma protocolarizada o en el contexto de una sintomatologia abdominal dolorosa. En todas ellas, se registraron los valores medios de hemoglobina, reticulocitos y bilirrubina total y directa en fase cronica. Ademas se analizo la presencia de la insercion del dinucleotida TA en la region promotora del gen de la enzima uridina-difosfoglucuronosiltransferasa (UGT1A1) que esta asociada al sindrome de Gilbert. Encontramos 10 pacientes homozigotos para la insercion dinucleotida TA*7/TA*7 (22,7 %), 12 heterozigotos para la insercion dinucleotida TA*6/TA*7 (27,3 %) y 22 pacientes homozigotos para el alelo normal TA*6/TA*6 (50 %). No se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en los valores de hemoglobina (test de Kruskal-Wallis 5 2,496; p > 0,05) ni en el recuento de reticulocitos (test de Kruskal-Wallis 5 1,696; p > 0,05) en los 3 grupos de pacientes. Esto sugiere un grado similar de hemolisis. La media de la bilirrubina total en los pacientes con el genotipo TA*7/TA*7 fue significativamente superior a la de los que presentaban el genotipo TA*6/TA*6 (test de Mann-Whitney 5 35,5; p La asociacion entre la produccion de la bilirrubina aumentada debido a una enfermedad hemolitica cronica y la disminucion de la conjugacion hepatica de esta condiciona un incremento de bilirrubina en la bilis. En consecuencia, esto conlleva a un riesgo aumentado en la formacion de litiasis vesicular. Asi, en la evolucion inicial de un nino con enfermedad hemolitica cronica tendra importancia la investigacion del sindrome de Gilbert.

Prevalence of Elongated Styloid Process in a Central Brazilian Population

BACKGROUND Eagles syndrome comprises a rare disorder caused by compression of an elongated or deformed styloid process or ossified/calcified stylohyoid ligament on neural and vascular structures. It is characterized by facial and neck pain and can be confused with a wide variety of facial neuralgias, oral and dental diseases and temporomandibular disorders. An imaging evaluation associated with a careful clinical examination, are mandatory in structuring a correct differential diagnosis and in the establishment of a proper therapeutic protocol. AIM To investigate the prevalence of the elongated styloid process in a Central Brazilian population and its relation to gender, age and side. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital panoramic radiographs of 736 patients (412 female and 324 male, with a mean age of 35.03 years) were consecutively selected from a private radiology clinics secondary database. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid left the tympanic plate to the tip of the process by two specialists in dental radiology, with the help of the measuring tools on the accompanying software. Styloid process measuring more than 30 mm was considered elongated. The statistical analysis included frequency distribution and cross tabulation. The data were analysed by using Chi-squared tests. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. RESULTS A total of 323 (43.89%) radiographic images were suggestive of elongated styloid process. No statistically significant difference was found between the genders, although a higher prevalence was noticed in female participants. Approximately, 31% of the elongated styloid process was observed in 18-53-year-old participants (p < 0.05). Two hundred and sixty seven styloid processes (36.28%) were elongated on both right and left sides. CONCLUSION The prevalence of elongated styloid process was high and no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of elongated styloid process and the studied variables with the exception of the age.

Infecção por pseudomonas aeruginosa em tumor odontogênico queratocístico

UNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de Aracatuba departamento de Patologia e Propedeutica Clinica

Occurrence of periodontal pathogens in ethnic groups from a native Brazilian reservation

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of 100 native Brazilians living at the Umutina Indian Reservation, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS Periodontal clinical examinations were carried out prior to collection of subgingival biofilm, and the presence of 14 periodontal microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence and risk analysis was performed using Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel statistics for dichotomous variables or Pearsons chi-squared test for analysis of proportions when variables had three or more categories. The interrelations between clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed using Fishers exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Individuals with chronic periodontitis were frequently colonized by the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, or P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Patients with chronic periodontitis were also colonized by Porphyromonas gulae and P. intermedia or by the association between P. gulae and T. forsythia. P. gulae was detected only in the subgingival samples from natives on a traditional diet. Gingival bleeding was associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, P. gulae, Porphyromonas endodontalis, P. intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. Treponema denticola was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS Peculiar microbiota was demonstrated to be associated with different periodontal disease statuses in native Brazilians, with modest occurrence of certain pathogens, such as T. denticola, and the presence of P. gulae in natives with gingivitis or chronic periodontitis.