Alessandra Silva Dias

Resultados econômicos de sistemas de produção de leite com diferentes níveis tecnológicos na região de Lavras MG nos anos 2004 e 2005

Estudou-se a rentabilidade da atividade leiteira na regiao de Lavras/MG, analisando a influencia do nivel tecnologico sobre o custo de producao do leite. Foram identificados os componentes com maior influencia sobre os custos finais da atividade e calculado o ponto de equilibrio. Os dados, provenientes de 17 sistemas de producao, representando os niveis tecnologicos baixo, medio e alto, foram coletados mensalmente, entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2005. Considerou-se a margem bruta, a margem liquida e o resultado (lucro ou prejuizo) como indicadores de eficiencia economica. O nivel tecnologico influenciou os itens componentes do custo operacional efetivo da atividade leiteira, bem como o custo total de producao do leite - a lucratividade e rentabilidade. Os sistemas de producao com nivel tecnologico medio apresentaram o menor custo total unitario. A margem liquida positiva nos tres niveis tecnologicos indica que os pecuaristas conseguem produzir a medio prazo; e por apresentar resultado negativo, os pecuaristas que adotaram medio nivel tecnologico, a longo prazo, estao se descapitalizando.The profitability of dairy farming was studied in the region of Lavras, MG by analyzing the influence of technological level on the milk production cost. The components with major influence on the final activity cost were identified, and the break-even was calculated. Monthly data from 17 production systems representing the low, medium and high technological levels were taken from January 2004 to December 2005. Gross margin and net margin (profit or loss) were considered as indicators of economical efficiency. The technological level had impact on the effective operational cost of dairy farming as well as on the total costs of milk production - rentability and profitability. Production systems with medium technological level had the lowest total unitary cost. Positive net margin in the three technological levels shows that the farmers can produce at medium term. Due to the negative results, the farmers who used the medium technological level are losing money at long term.

RESULTADOS ECONÔMICOS DA ATIVIDADE LEITEIRA NA REGIÃO DE LAVRAS (MG) NOS ANOS 2004 E 2005: UM ESTUDO MULTICASOS

It was studied the profitability of the milk production in 17 properties in the region of Lavras (MG), and the components that had the greatest influence on the final costs of the business were identified. The data were monthly collected from January 2004 to December 2005. The gross margin, net margin, and the result (profit or loss) were taken into consideration as indicators of economic efficiency. The component items of the effective operational cost that had the greatest influence upon the costs of dairy business were, in decreasing order, feeding (55.9%), labor (19.1%), different expenses (11.3%), energy (7.1%), health (4.9%), milking (0.74%), taxes (0.74%), and artificial insemination (0,23%). The net margin and the positive result show the farmers have conditions to produce in middle and long terms, with consequent capitalization. Although, the results of the study can not be extrapolated, since they do not represent a random sampling.