Alessandro Camargo Angelo

Dasineura gigantea sp.n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associada a Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) no Brasil

A new species of Dasineura Rondani, 1840 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) which causes galls on Psidium cattleianum Sabine, 1821 is described and illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female). The gall is characterized and some biological notes are given.

INFLUÊNCIA DA LUMINOSIDADE E FERTILIZANTES NOS TEORES DE METILXANTINAS E COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM FOLHAS DE ERVA-MATE

The Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is a climax species adapted to low light, and that is why is more cultivated in consortium with other species of woods and more intensively that their traditional exploration. To maintain adequate levels of productivity, it is necessary the use of a fertilizer that gives nutritional intake to plants. The levels of substances of plant secondary metabolism as methylxanthines and phenolic compounds may be affected by this type of intensive management since the shading and fertilization influence the physiology of the plant. Aiming the determination of the levels of totals methylxanthines and phenolic compounds, produced under relative brightness of 30, 45 and 60%, and conventional fertilization (N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O 15-05-30) and slow release (N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O 15-08-12), this study was proposed for two growing seasons 2011 e 2012. The fertilization of mate tea associated with the apparent brightness levels did not promote increased levels of totals methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. The apparent brightness of 30% established the best indicator to obtain methylxanthines, and the conventional fertilization had the highest fertilization production of methylxanthine, when subjected to the apparent brightness of 30 and 45 %. There was an increase of the content of phenolic compounds of the growing season 2011 to 2012 promoted by the fertilization treatment with FLL and FC under the apparent brightness of 30% and 60%.

ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade tecnica e a influencia da idade do porta-enxerto e do habito de crescimento na enxertia de copa em Araucaria angustifolia. Foram utilizados porta-enxertos de duas idades (8 e 35 anos), com enxertos originarios de dois habitos de crescimento (ortotropicos e plagiotropicos). A enxertia foi realizada por borbulhia de placa, no terco medio e superior da copa das arvores de 8 anos e no terco medio e inferior das arvores de 35 anos, sempre proximo ao apice em ramos primarios. Os experimentos foram instalados em duas epocas, no outono e na primavera de 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram de: Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos ortotropicos; Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotropicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotropicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos ortotropicos. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivencia dos enxertos ao longo do experimento e aos 16 meses, sua sobrevivencia, a emissao, numero e comprimento medio de brotacoes. A enxertia de copa e viavel tecnicamente para araucaria. O uso de porta-enxertos mais jovens (8 anos) e favoravel a sobrevivencia dos enxertos, especialmente quando da utilizacao de propagulos plagiotropicos e enxertia realizada no outono (71,9%). O habito de crescimento dos enxertos se manteve identico ao original, independentemente do habito de crescimento dos porta-enxertos.

Caracterização morfológica do fruto, semente, fases da germinação e plântula de Ocotea paranaensis

Ocotea paranaensis is a low frequency species in the Atlantic Forest and presents occurrence records only in the state of Parana. The present study aimed at describing and illustrating the fruit and seed morphology, germination stages and seedling of Ocotea paranaensis. The fruits used in this study were collected from 5 mother trees in Laurace State Park, Adrianopolis, PR. For the fruit and seed description and illustration, 50 random samples were analyzed. To monitor the germination stages and seedling development, 5 replicates with 10 seeds each were placed in vermiculite, and then put to germinate in a Biomatic germinator at 30 °C. The fruit is an indehiscent drupe, with coloration varying from bright green to black, with thin, hairless, smooth and shiny epicarp, quite thick, fleshy mesocarp, and smooth, coriaceous endocarp. The seed is exalbuminous, round, with smooth, membranous, with brown integument. The embryo is axial, convex flatenned of pink coloration. Germination started on the eighth day and went on up to the sixtieth day after the test was initiated. The seedling is hypogeal, cryptocotylar, presenting cylindrical epicotyl with bright green cataphylls and simple alternate protophylls, with acute apex, cuneate leaf base and light green color. The aspects described and illustrated in this study were proven to be reliable for the species identification in nurseries and also for natural regeneration studies.

Application of the NIR Method to Determine Nutrients in Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill) Leaves

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to measure the concentrations of macronutrients [carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] and micronutrients [sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] in yerba mate leaves. We collected 270 samples of yerba mate, growing in association with eucalyptus, in different cultivation conditions, in the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Calibration models comprised 216 samples for calibration and internal validation of the models and 54 sample for external prediction. The results allowed determination of the mineral elements, providing values of the correlation coefficient (R) higher than 0.90, on calibration models. The predictive power of the models was verified and showed that NIR has potential to successful quantify P (R = 0.62), Fe (R = 0.75), and Cu (R = 0.89) in this study. On the other hand, for C, K, Na, Mn, and Zn the technique was not efficient.

FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (ANGICO-VERMELHO) E Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (AROEIRA-VERMELHA)

In order to assess the development of two native species, Anadenanthera peregrina and Schinus terebinthifolius, submitted to doses of slow-release fertilizer formulation 13-06-16, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse using a mixture of raw materials with organic compost, vermiculite and plantmax to compose base substrate. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were : T1-0 kg (control), T2-2 kg, 4 kg-T3 , T4-6 kg, T5-8 kg and T6 - 10 kg slow release fertilizer per cubic meter of base substrate . Was evaluated at 189 days after sowing the total height, stem diameter, fresh weight of shoot, dry shoot biomass, root dry biomass, total biomass, the relationship between height and stem diameter and quality index Dickson. The results suggest that application of slow release fertilizer leads to significant gains in growth in both species, with the best doses from 6.68 to 5.54 kg m-3 for Anadenanthera peregrina species, and from 8.38 to 14,42 kg m-3 for Schinus terebinthifolius.