Alexander G. Grankov

Intercorrelation between natural microwave radiation of the ocean-atmosphere system and its boundary heat and dynamic interaction

We analyze here the intercorrelation between natural microwave radiation of the ocean-atmosphere system and its boundary heat and dynamic interaction and describe some approaches to an analysis of heat and dynamic processes in the ocean-atmosphere interface with satellite passive radiometric observations at microwaves. The feasibility of determining synoptic, seasonal and year-to-year variations of sensible, latent heat and momentum fluxes to a useful accuracy using the DMSP SSM/I data directly from the measured brightness temperatures is examined. The main results have been obtained by combining the data of the vessel experiments NEWFOUEX-88, ATLANTEX-90 and the data of microwave radiometric measurements from the meteorological satellites of the DMSP series. Especial part of our study is the elaboration of technologies for diagnosis of tropical hurricanes beginning in the oceans with the remote sensing methods.

Experimental study of fire risk by means of passive microwave and infrared remote sensing methods

Some results of experimental testing of fire risk by means of passive microwave and infrared remote sensing methods in the forests of the Moscow region are presented. The equipment used, measurement procedures and some results of data processing are described. The intercorrelation between natural fire risk and remotely obtained data is studied. It is shown, that passive microwave and infrared remote sensing methods can be used for the classification of forest state.

Early detection of hurricanes origin in oceans with remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies

The combination of microwave remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies proved to be an effective way of problems solution in early detection of tropical cyclone origin. In this work, an analysis of different approaches to the solution of this problem was completed. One of approaches consists in the search of indicator-precursors calculated from the data of existing environmental monitoring systems. 1. Conclusion was made that it is necessary to develop the ocean-atmosphere system (OAS) instability model and to introduce some generalized parameter — the OAS Instability Indicator to check transition processes between different OAS states during tropical cyclone development. The indicator was evaluated at the base of data obtained from the TAO/TRITON&PIRATA system of anchored buoys and other meteorological stations located in the tropical zone of the Worlds oceans. 2. The methodological resume was made that independently on the theory or method used, the data of regular longterm microwave radiometric and other satellite measurements must be certainly involved into analysis of dynamics of geophysical parameters of ocean-atmosphere system in zones of the tropical hurricanes beginning.

Studies of the midlatitude and diagnosis of the tropical hurricanes beginning with the methods of passive microwave radiometry

The satellite microwave (MCW) radiometric methods serve as the important tool of analysis of the affecting on energetic processes in ocean-atmosphere system such its oceanographic and meteorological parameters as the water surface temperature, wind speed, total water vapor content of the atmosphere, integral content of liquid water in clouds, intensity of precipitations as well as the vertical turbulent fluxes of heat, water and impulse which are important in studies of cyclonic areas of the ocean. A knowledge of these parameters lets us to solve the tasks related to premises of the tropical hurricane appearance and their beginning as well as the mid latitude cyclones dynamics.

Experimental Studies of the Relationships Between SOA Radiation and Heat Characteristics in the Synoptic Range of Time Scales

We studied experimentally (in the laboratory) a behavior of characteristics of the water surface being initially under the room temperature and sharply cooled with liquid nitrogen—the variations of an intensity of natural MCW radiation at the wavelength 2.25 cm and infrared (IR) heat radiation in the window 10.5 mcm as well as a value of heat content (enthalpy) in the upper water surface layer. A comparison of evolutions of heat content computed from the difference between temperatures of upper and bottom boundaries of the subsurface layer with evolutions of MCW and IR radiation intensity was conducted. Basing on the data of oceanographic, meteorological, and aerologic measurements from the R/Vs Victor Bugaev, Musson, and Volna in the period of the stationary phase of the NEWFOUEX-88 and ATLANTEX-90 experiments we compared the heat and impulse fluxes recorded by the R/Vs with their SSM/I estimates derived from the DMSP satellite F-08.

Search for the Direct Relationship Between Heat Fluxes and the Parameters Associated with the SOA Brightness Temperature

The possibility of reconstruction of the bulk aerodynamic formulas used for computation of heat fluxes over the ocean in the form of combinations of parameters of heat and moisture exchange in the SOA interface at the synoptic scales is discussed. Here, only such parameters of the SOA are taken into account, that are directly related to characteristics of natural MCW radiation measured from satellites. Possibility of assimilation of the atmospheric water vapor in bulk-formulas, which is closely related to the near-surface air temperature in the synoptic range of time scales and humidity, is discussed. The role of the near-surface wind speed on the heat flux determination accuracy is studied. Possibilities of using the brightness and infrared temperatures as the direct characteristics of seasonal and annual heat flux variability are considered also.

Modern Satellite MCW Radiometric Means for Analyzing Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions

Some possibilities of using the module of remote sensing the atmosphere temperature and humidity (MTVZA) of the Russian meteorological satellites METEOR-3M, METEOR M, US DMSP SSM/I and Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua AMSR-E radiometers as well as the other MCW radiometric means in studies of the ocean-atmosphere heat and dynamic interaction are considered. At present, improvement of the technologies of satellite MCW-radiometers manufacturing resulted in its active time rising to 14 years. Accumulated archives of satellite MCW-radiometric data let us conduct the climatic researches of the ocean-atmosphere heat interaction in the periods of 35 years.

Comparative Analysis of Prestorm Situations in the Florida Strait and Golubaya Bay in the Black Sea

Some peculiarities of behavior of the SOA thermal and MCW characteristics of the atmosphere during prestorm situations in water areas monitored directly and remotely are considered. The objects of research are a region of the SMKF1 station (Sombrero Key) in the Florida Straight in August 2005 and Golubaya Bay in the Black Sea in September 2010, several days before an intensive storm. Using the sea station meteorological and satellite MCW radiometric data we studied some common and specific features in behavior of the SOA during time periods preceding the approach of Hurricane Katrina to the region of SMKF1 and development of the sea storm near the Golubaya Bay. The similar features in the behavior of some SOA characteristics are observed, i.e., a monotone increase in the surface air temperature and humidity, total moisture content and enthalpy of the atmosphere, and the SOA brightness temperature, as well as a decrease in the intensity of heat exchange between the water surface and atmosphere.

Accessible Parameters for Satellite MCW Radiometers and Their Relationship with Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions

Some basic principle and ways of using the satellite-derived data of passive microwave (MCW) radiometric measurements for estimating the vertical turbulent fluxes of heat, water, and impulse at the boundary of the ocean–atmosphere system (SOA) over various time scales (synoptic, seasonal, and interannual) are analyzed. The possibilities of using these methods for retrieving the SOA parameters (ocean surface temperature, near-surface air temperature, humidity, and wind speed as well as the total water vapor content of the atmosphere), which are directly or indirectly communicated with an intensity of heat and dynamic ocean–atmosphere interaction, are considered.

Fluxes of Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, Impulse, and Atmospheric Water Vapor over the North Atlantic from the EOS Aqua AMSR-E Radiometer

Possibilities of using the EOS Aqua AMSR-E MCW radiometer for analysis of the long-term dynamics of the Gulf Stream heat regime are analyzed. The SOA brightness temperature, total water vapor content of the atmosphere, and surface heat, water, and impulse fluxes tracks along the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic current are under consideration. Their temporal and spatial variability is analyzed in the time periods preceding intensive oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 year and following periods. Possibilities of using the SOA brightness temperature measured by various channels of the AMSR-E radiometer as the immediate characteristic of the ocean-atmosphere heat interaction and their seasonal variability are shown.