Anatolij M. Shutko

Conductivity of leaves and branches and its relation to the spectral dependence of attenuation by forests in meter and decimeter band

Conductivity of leaves (needles) and branches of different trees as well as conductivity of their sap was directly measured. Measuring technique is presented. Measured values of needles and branches conductivity are several times less than these values recalculated from sap conductivity values by known models. Influence of leaves and branches conductivity value on the spectral trend of radio waves attenuation by foliage is discussed in this paper.

GIMS-based method for vegetation microwave monitoring

The objective of this paper is threefold: (1) To present a working methodology for the combined use of modeling technology and microwave remote-sensing measurements in the assessment of attenuation of electromagnetic waves by the vegetation cover; (2) To illustrate this methodology with computer calculations of the attenuation for various soil-plant formations; (3) To give a perspective of the developed methodology applied to the study of global environmental change, including the radiative forcing problem.

Early detection of hurricanes origin in oceans with remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies

The combination of microwave remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies proved to be an effective way of problems solution in early detection of tropical cyclone origin. In this work, an analysis of different approaches to the solution of this problem was completed. One of approaches consists in the search of indicator-precursors calculated from the data of existing environmental monitoring systems. 1. Conclusion was made that it is necessary to develop the ocean-atmosphere system (OAS) instability model and to introduce some generalized parameter — the OAS Instability Indicator to check transition processes between different OAS states during tropical cyclone development. The indicator was evaluated at the base of data obtained from the TAO/TRITON&PIRATA system of anchored buoys and other meteorological stations located in the tropical zone of the Worlds oceans. 2. The methodological resume was made that independently on the theory or method used, the data of regular longterm microwave radiometric and other satellite measurements must be certainly involved into analysis of dynamics of geophysical parameters of ocean-atmosphere system in zones of the tropical hurricanes beginning.

Studies of the midlatitude and diagnosis of the tropical hurricanes beginning with the methods of passive microwave radiometry

The satellite microwave (MCW) radiometric methods serve as the important tool of analysis of the affecting on energetic processes in ocean-atmosphere system such its oceanographic and meteorological parameters as the water surface temperature, wind speed, total water vapor content of the atmosphere, integral content of liquid water in clouds, intensity of precipitations as well as the vertical turbulent fluxes of heat, water and impulse which are important in studies of cyclonic areas of the ocean. A knowledge of these parameters lets us to solve the tasks related to premises of the tropical hurricane appearance and their beginning as well as the mid latitude cyclones dynamics.

Mobile Remote-Sensing Platforms for Environmental Monitoring

Characteristic of series mobile remote-sensing platforms is given. These platforms are used to be as the base for microwave sensors under the organization of the monitoring of environmental objects. The structure of monitoring system synthesis is proposed with functions of decision making concerning the optimization of the data collection and processing. Technology of geo-ecological information-modelling system (GIMS-technology) synthesis is described. The questions are discussed related to the GIMS-technology use for the solution of tasks from the hydrology including a mapping the soil moisture and detection of critical situations in hydrological processes. It is shown that GIMS-technology makes more wide the GIS functions and makes easier the solution of task when it is needed to reconstruct two-dimensional distribution of the monitoring object characteristics basing on the data delivered by monitoring system irregularly at the time and fragmentary in the space. Specific characteristics of the GIMS-technology are marked and perspectives of its development are described.

The NSS model as a GIMS component

The problem of global environmental change is the subject of discussions in many publications (Cracknell et al., 2009; Holdren, 2003; Kondratyev, 1998a, b; Kondratyev and Krapivin, 2001a–d; Krapivin, 1993; Krapivin and Kondratyev, 2002; Krapivin and Varotsos, 2007, 2008; Likens et al., 1981; Pielke, 2001a, b, 2002; Purkis and Klemas, 2011; Sellers et al., 1996; Svirezhev, 2002; Turekian, 1996; WB, 2009; Zhou et al., 1986).

New information technology for environmental monitoring

Solving the majority of applied problems of ecodynamics as it stands today is difficult because effective methods of control of soil–plant formations (SPFs) and ocean ecosystems are insufficiently developed. The need for the creation of new effective information technology to process and interpret remote data is dictated by different areas of human activity.

Typical remote-sensing technologies and data-processing algorithms

Remote sensing of land covers, the atmosphere, and World Ocean aquatories is based on registering background or reflected and scattered electromagnetic radiation. Such knowledge is necessary to get data about the properties of environmental elements as it explains the dependence of thermal emission on its own physical and geothermal parameters.

Survivability and biocomplexity

One of the main problems facing modern science is the estimation of biosphere survivability under conditions of increasing anthropogenic impact. Such estimation can be brought about by using a biosphere model. Well-known attempts at synthesizing a global model have given unsatisfactory results. The global models that have been created are educational in nature and are not fit for purpose for real estimations.

GIMS-based study of ocean ecosystems

Investigations of the structure and functioning of oceanic ecosystems have become one of the important and rapidly developing areas of sea biology and environmental studies. Different aspects of relevant problems have been studied in the framework of many international biological and environmental programs.