Alexandre Lima de Souza

Produção e características do efluente e composição bromatológica da silagem de capim-elefante contendo diferentes níveis de casca de café

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of levels (10, 20, 30 and 40%, based on fresh matter) of coffee hulls added to elephantgrass at ensilage on the bromatological composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the resulting silage and the production and composition of the silo effluent. Twenty cylindrical plastic silos measuring 0.25 m diameter x 0.75 m height were used. A complete randomized design was used with four replications. The results demonstrated coffee hulls efficiency on decreasing silage moisture, resulting in increase of DM content of 0.69% / unity of added additive. pH values decreased as levels of coffee hulls increased. The addition of coffee hulls favored the crude protein contents, which showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum of 10.0% at 26.3% of coffee hulls addition. The addition of coffee hulls reduced ammoniacal nitrogen, insoluble neutral detergent fiber and IVDMD, and increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and lignin contents. Acid detergent fiber and cellulose contents were not affected. Effluent production during 21 days was reduced from 123.5 L/t (0.0% coffee hulls) to 26.7 L/t (10.0% coffee hulls). The dry matter, P, Na and K contents did not varied with number of days of collect, although the Mg content decreased and total nitrogen content increased. The values of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were not affected. The addition of 20% of coffee hulls was efficient to eliminate effluent production and to produce a good quality silage.

Casca de café em dietas de carneiros: consumo e digestibilidade

Four levels of coffee hulls (0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25.0% DM) in substitution of ground corn in their concentrate ration were used to evaluate the effects on intake and apparent digestibility of diets. Twenty, unknown breed, sheeps were used in a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replicates. The animals were fed all ad libitum with isoprotein diets, 10% crude protein (CP), contained 60% of coastcross hay and 40% of concentrate in dry matter basis. Sheep were maintained in a metabolism cage for 19 days (12 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection). The intakes of dry matter (1.41), organic matter (1.34), CP (0.15), total carbohydrate (1.17), neutral detergent fiber (0.71) and nonfiber carbohydrate (0.45) and the total digestible nutrients (0.85) kg/day were not affected by the coffee hulls levels. Coffee hulls did not affect apparent digestibility of dry matter (60.1%), organic matter (62.1%), neutral detergent fiber (46.9%), CP (66.3%), total carbohydrate (61.5%) and nonfiber carbohydrate (84.1%). Coffee hulls can be included up to 25% in the concentrate ration.

Avaliação do vício de "tempo longo" de indicadores internos em ensaio de digestão com ruminantes

Long term bias (LTB) of internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), and indigestible neutral (iNDF) and acid (iADF) detergent fiber in a digestion assay with ruminants was evaluated. Twenty castrated male ovines were managed in metabolic crates. A completely randomized block design with five treatments (concentrate rations) and four blocks was used. Diets were isonitrogenous diets (10% of crude protein) were formulated to containing 60% of coastcross hay and 40% of concentrate, in dry matter basis. The concentrates were based on corn grain, soybean meal and coffee hulls, in different levels (0, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75, and 25%), as fed-basis. The markers contents in feeds, orts, and feces were estimated by a 144 hours in situ rumen incubation procedure. The relationship between markers intake and fecal excretion was accomplished by a simple linear regression model adjustment, independently of the effects of block and treatment. The total iDM and iNDF recovery (P>.30), with LTB free, was observed. The iADF had +25.45 g/day LTB (P<.06).

Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da fibra de alguns alimentos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros cineticos da degradacao, in situ, da materia seca, da proteina bruta e da fibra em detergente neutro das silagens de milho e de capim-elefante, do feno de capim-Tifton 85 e do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados tres bovinos adultos, fistulados no rumen, com peso vivo medio de 400 kg. Os alimentos foram pesados em sacos de nailon, incubados todos de uma vez e retirados nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 e 72 horas, apos a incubacao dos volumosos, e 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 e 48 horas, apos incubacao do farelo de soja. Os residuos dos sacos foram analisados quanto ao conteudo de materia seca, proteina bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. A materia seca e a proteina bruta do farelo de soja apresentaram potencial de degradacao elevado, assim como a proteina bruta da silagem de milho. Destacou-se a elevada fracao nao-degradavel da fibra em detergente neutro do feno de capim-Tifton 85 e, portanto, sua baixa degradabilidade potencial da materia seca. O teor de fibra em detergente neutro e suas caracteristicas cineticas exercem acentuado efeito sobre a digestao dos alimentos.

Consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes em bovinos alimentados com dietas à base de volumosos tropicais

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of diets containing corn silage, bermudagrass hay, or elephantgrass silage on intake and apparent total tract and partial digestibilities of nutrients in cattle. A forage to concentrate (soybean meal) ratio of 90:10 was used. Six ruminally and omasally fistulated bovines averaging 351 kg of initial body weight were used in two replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 16 days with 10 days for animal adaptation and six days for samples collection. The internal marker indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) was used to estimate abomasal DM flow and fecal DM excretion. No significant difference in DM intake was observed between corn silage and bermudagrass hay diets. However, total digestible nutrient intake was greater on corn silage than bermudagrass hay. Animals fed the bermudagrass hay diet had the greatest NDF intake (4.52 kg/day) while those fed corn silage showed the highest NFC intake (1.95 kg/day). In addition, the corn silage diet also resulted in the greatest apparent total tract digestibilities of DM (66.3%), OM (68.9%), NDF (55.7%), and total carbohydrates (68.2%). Rumen was the main site for digestion of total carbohydrates and NDF in all four diets. It was observed an inverse relationship between apparent total tract DM digestibility and INDF intake. Therefore, forage INDF content can be used to estimate digestibility of tropical grasses. Estimated NFC true digestibility averaged 96.6% across diets in the present study.The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of diets containing corn silage, bermudagrass hay, or elephantgrass silage on intake and apparent total tract and partial digestibilities of nutrients in cattle. A forage to concentrate (soybean meal) ratio of 90:10 was used. Six ruminally and omasally fistulated bovines averaging 351 kg of initial body weight were used in two replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 16 days with 10 days for animal adaptation and six days for samples collection. The internal marker indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) was used to estimate abomasal DM flow and fecal DM excretion. No significant difference in DM intake was observed between corn silage and bermudagrass hay diets. However, total digestible nutrient intake was greater on corn silage than bermudagrass hay. Animals fed the bermudagrass hay diet had the greatest NDF intake (4.52 kg/day) while those fed corn silage showed the highest NFC intake (1.95 kg/day). In addition, the corn silage diet also resulted in the greatest apparent total tract digestibilities of DM (66.3%), OM (68.9%), NDF (55.7%), and total carbohydrates (68.2%). Rumen was the main site for digestion of total carbohydrates and NDF in all four diets. It was observed an inverse relationship between apparent total tract DM digestibility and INDF intake. Therefore, forage INDF content can be used to estimate digestibility of tropical grasses. Estimated NFC true digestibility averaged 96.6% across diets in the present study.

Casca de café em dietas de vacas em lactação: consumo, digestibilidade e produção de leite

It was studied the effects of replacing ground corn with coffee hulls on intake, apparent digestibility, and milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein-Zebu dairy cows were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to three 4 x 4 Latin squares. The following levels of coffee hulls were included in the concentrate portion of the diet: 0.0, 8.75, 17.5, or 26.25% of dry mater (DM). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (14% CP) and contained a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 on DM basis. Inclusion of coffee hulls in the diet had no significant effects on intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, and total carbohydrates (TC). However, intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly when coffee hulls replaced ground corn in the diet. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, CP, TC, NDF, and NFC all reduced linearly by increasing coffee hulls from 0.0 to 26.25% in the diet. Coffee hulls increased excretion of N in the feces resulting in a negative nitrogenous balance. The incremental levels of coffee hulls did not affect the urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, and purine derivatives as well as microbial protein synthesis. Milk yield and contents and yields of fat, protein, and total solids also were not affected by replacing ground corn with coffee hulls. It can be concluded that coffee hulls can be included up to 10.5% of the total dietary DM.

Casca de café em dietas para vacas em lactação: consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição de leite

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of replacing corn silage with coffee hulls (0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0% of DM) on intake, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and milk production and composition. Twelve Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to three replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares. Diets were isonitrogenous averaging 15.0% of CP and composed by 60% of forage (corn silage and coffee hulls) and 40% of concentrate, on DM basis. Intakes of DM, OM, CP, TC, NFC, EE and TDN all decreased linearly while the opposite was observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with the inclusion of coffee hulls in the diet. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, TC, and NDF and the dietary TDN content decreased linearly by increasing the proportion of coffee hulls in the diet but no significant effect was observed for EE digestibility. A significant quadratic effect was found for milk yield, with maximum of 26.83 kg/day at the coffee hulls level of 8.44%. No quadratic effect was observed for milk components. It can be concluded that coffee hulls can replace up to 12% of the corn silage DM in the diet depending on the availability and economic costs.

Desempenho de novilhos Simental alimentados com silagem de sorgo, cana-de-açúcar e palhada de arroz tratada ou não com amônia anidra

The performance of steers fed diets using as roughage rice straw treated with anydrous ammonia, rice straw+urea, sugar cane + urea and sorghum silage were evaluated. Sixteen PO Simental steers, averaging 400 kg initial LW, were assigned to a completely randomized design. The experiment last 88 days, 15 days of adaptation and 61 experimental days, divided in three periods of 21 days. Total DM intake, that ranged from 7.1 to 10.0 kg/day, differ among treatments, where higher intakes were observed for the animals fed ammoniated rice straw and sorghum silage, that did not differ. Feed:gain ratio did not differ among different diets, and an average value of 6.6 was recorded. It was observed higherweight gain for the animals fed ammoniated rice straw (1.59 kg/day) in relation to the animals fed straw+urea (1.25 kg/day). The treatement with anydrous ammonia improved the rice straw nutritive value resulted in higher voluntary intake of this roughage and, consequently, in higher daily weight gain in relation to no treated rice straw and supplemented with urea.

Casca de soja em dietas para ovinos

The objective was to evaluate the use of four levels of soybean hulls (0.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 24.0%) to replace the corn meal (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%) in the diet of sheep in feedlot. Performance, nutrient digestibilities and feeding costs were evaluated. Twenty Santa Inez breed lambs with 32.96 kg BW were distributed to a completely randomized design with four diets and five replications. The diet was composed of 50% forage (50% of corn silage and 50% of sugar cane) and 50% concentrate. The concentrates were composed of corn meal, soybean meal, mineral mix and urea, so corn meal was gradually replaced by soybean hulls. No effect was observed in the levels of soybean hulls of diet on feed intake of nutrients, except for NDF, which linearly increased according to soybean hulls level in the diet. Soybean hulls levels did not affect digestibility of nutrients, weight gain (0.215 kg/anim.day) and feed conversion ratio of the animals (6.20 kg DM/kg weight gain). Increasing of soybean hulls levels in the diet reduced feeding cost and increased the gross margin from R

Casca de café em dietas para vacas em lactação: balanço de compostos nitrogenados e síntese de proteína microbiana

10.89 to R