Alf S. Alving

Induced primaquine resistance in vivax malaria

Abstract 1. 1) After 36 sequential subinoculations with suboptimal treatment of a single strain of vivax malaria, it has been possible to show a significant increase in trophozoite resistance to primaquine. In fact this resistance reached the point where maximum tolerated doses of primaquine had no action on parasitaemia and fever. This constitutes the maximum resistance that can be achieved in human volunteers. 2. 2) During this programme gametocytes were observed to form and were transmitted through mosquitoes to the stage of mature and apparently viable sporozoites. These failed to infect man. 3. 3) This induced resistance to primaquine should be one additional reason for always using primaquine in conjunction with a good blood schizontocide.

Effect of Total Sympathectomy on Experimental Renal Hypertension in Dogs.

Summary In one dog with sustained hypertension established by application of Goldblatt clamps to both renal arteries, total sympathectomy produced a moderate drop in the blood pressure, which, however, has remained well above the control level. In another dog, previously sympathectomized, hypertension could be produced by bilateral application of Goldblatt clamps.

Coenzyme studies in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes.

Summary TPN+ content of erythrocytes of primaquine-sensitive males is greater than that of erythrocytes of normal males. The increase in TPN+ may be explained by two known factors: 1) decrease in glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and 2) increased glutathione reductase activity in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes. The mean values of DPN+ content of erythrocytes in the two populations studied were different, but the values showed considerable overlap. Our current studies concern the effect of drug administration on both oxidized and reduced coenzymes in normal and primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes from both males and females.

THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF LARGE DOSES OF PALUDRINE IN ACUTE ATTACKS OF SPOROZOITE-INDUCED VIV AX MALARIA (CHESSON STRAIN)

1 This investigation was carried out under contract, recommended by the Committee on Medical Research, between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the University of Chicago. The studies were planned in cooperation with the Panel on Clinical Testing of Antimalarials of the Board for the Coordination of Malarial Studies. This work was further aided by the participation of Army Medical Officers assigned to the project by the Surgeon General, U. S. Army. Through a cooperative arrangement between Professor Clay G. Huff and Dr. Frederick Coulston, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, and the Malarial Research Unit, Department of Medicine, the former group bred Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes, supervised their infection and the inoculation of volunteers, and determined the intensity of infection in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes. The latter group assumed the responsibility for clinical care of patients studied by both groups. The authors express their thanks to the Malaria Study Section of the National Institute of Health for editorial assistance and for arrangements in regard to the publication of this paper. They are also grateful to the Abbott Laboratories, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., E. R. Squibb and Sons, Eli Lilly and Company, Sharp and Dohme, Inc., and Wyeth, Inc., for contributing toward the publication costs. 2 Captain, M.C., A.U.S. produce clinical cure of relapses and delayed primary attacks of naturally acquired zivax malaria. The drug is well tolerated in doses as high as 1.5 grams a day for 14 to 28 days. In 157 cases of vivax malaria treated with paludrine in doses of 20 to 1,500 mgm. per day for 14 to 28 days, however, the effect on the relapse rate was no greater than that of quinacrine. Wehave studied the effect of paludrine against a standardized infection of a Southwest Pacific strain of vivax malaria in order to compare it with suppressive agents, and have attempted to determine whether or not it exhibits synergistic action with quinine or pentaquine.

Renal Resistance in “Essential” Hypertension. Relation to the Effect of Sympathectomy on Blood Pressure.∗

Conclusion A relation of the preoperative renal resistance to the postoperative blood pressure has been demonstrated in patients with hypertension subjected to sympathectomy. A complete test of the reliability of this relation in predicting the result of sympathectomy requires additional data.