Alfiah Hayati

Effects of cadmium on metallothionein and histology in gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinities

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sublethal cadmium concentrations on the levels of cadmium, metallothionein (MT) and histological changes in gills of East Java strain tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different salinity levels. The levels of cadmium in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5 and 10 practical salinity unit (PSU). The cadmium concentrations in gills of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher at 0 PSU than at 5, 10 and 15 PSU. The MT concentrations in control gills were not significantly different at 0, 5, and 10 PSU. The MT concentrations of cadmium-exposed fish were significantly higher than those in respective control groups at 0, 5 and 10 PSU. Significant gill damage occurred in fish exposed to cadmium at lower salinity. The epithelial lifting was noted at gills of fish exposed to 2.5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU, and telangiectasis was observed at gills exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium at 0 PSU. The level of gill damage decreased with increasing salinity of media. The increased MT and histological changes in gills of our findings could be a protective response of animals to toxic effect of cadmium.

Histopathological assessment of cadmium effect on testicles and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus in different salinity

This study was aimed to determine the effect of cadmium on testicles and kidney structure of Oreochromis niloticus in different salinity. Twenty-seven Oreochromis niloticus at age of 5±0.5 months with average size 11±1 cm and average weight 250±50 g were used and divided into nine treatment groups with variations in salinity (0, 5 and 10 ‰) and cadmium levels (0, 2.5, and 5 ppm). After two weeks of treatment periods, testicles and kidney was collected and then processed into histological slide. Result showed that cadmium and salinity variations caused change in diameter of seminiferous tubules in the testicles. Kidney structure also showing various damage such as necrosis and inflammation from groups treated with various concentration of salinity and cadmium. Smallest diameter of seminiferous tubules of the testicles and the highest percentage necrosis and inflammation of kidney was found from salinity:cadmium = 0‰ : 5 ppm treatment.This study was aimed to determine the effect of cadmium on testicles and kidney structure of Oreochromis niloticus in different salinity. Twenty-seven Oreochromis niloticus at age of 5±0.5 months with average size 11±1 cm and average weight 250±50 g were used and divided into nine treatment groups with variations in salinity (0, 5 and 10 ‰) and cadmium levels (0, 2.5, and 5 ppm). After two weeks of treatment periods, testicles and kidney was collected and then processed into histological slide. Result showed that cadmium and salinity variations caused change in diameter of seminiferous tubules in the testicles. Kidney structure also showing various damage such as necrosis and inflammation from groups treated with various concentration of salinity and cadmium. Smallest diameter of seminiferous tubules of the testicles and the highest percentage necrosis and inflammation of kidney was found from salinity:cadmium = 0‰ : 5 ppm treatment.

PROVISION OF ARAK BALI REDUCES SPERMATOZOA QUALITY OF WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aimed to determine the effect of arak bali on the quality of spermatozoa include morphology, motility, viability, membrane integrity of spermatozoa rat (Rattus norvegicus). The study was conducted in two phases: the first phase of the deployment of questionnaires conducted in five districts in Bali to determine the type and frequency of arak bali consumption and phase II made arak bali giving treatment in experimental animals. This study used 24 male rats (170-200 grams), divided into four groups: one control and three treatments (by arak bali containing 40% alcohol as much as 0.1 and 0.5 mL and 0.1 mL much alcohol synthesis, for 45 days. the results showed that of the five districts in Bali, most people consume arak bali commercial and most of the frequency of consumption of the week more than one bottle (350 mL). the provision of arak bali in experimental animals, degrade the quality (morphology, motility, viability, membrane integrity), the greater the volume given declining spermatozoa quality.

Spermatogenic structure and fertility of Mus musculus after exposure of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) pericarp extract

This study aimed to determine the effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract on spermatogenics number, seminiferous tubules sized, profile protein of epididymal and testicular sperm, and fertility of mice (Mus musculus). Fourty two male mice strain BALB/C was divided equally into 7 groups. The control group was given 0.05 ml of 0.05% CMC solution. Three group were given mangosteen pericarp extract at various doses (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight, respectively) for 7 days, while the other three groups were given the same extract dose for 35 days. Parameters evaluated on histological of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, seminiferous tubule diameter, and thickness of germinal epithelium, analysis of testicular and epidydimal protein profile with SDS-Page, and than fertility test on female mice. The results showed that mangosteen pericarp extract at 75 and 100 mg/kg dose for 7 days had no effect on spermatogenics number and seminiferous tubule sizes, but the treatment dose of 150 mg/kg for 7 days and all treatment (doses of 75, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for 35 days led to significant decrease on the number of spermatogenics and seminiferous tubule sizes; effect on protein profiles testicular and epididymal sperm; and lower fertilization.