Ali Satar

Total lipid and fatty acid compositions of Lertha sheppardi (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) during its main life stages

Total lipid and the fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions, prepared from eggs, 3rd instars of larvae, pupae, male and female adults of Lertha sheppardi, were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effect of diet (adults’ nutrition) on fatty acid composition of L. sheppardi adults was also investigated. Total lipid of L. sheppardi considerably increased in adults compared with immature stages. There was a significant decrease in total lipid level in larval stage in contrast with egg stage. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids during all stages. The major components were C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated components which are ubiquitous to most animal species. In addition to these components, one odd-chain (C17:0) and prostaglandin precursor fatty acids were found. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. In phospholipid fraction, monounsaturated fatty acids were the major proportion of fatty acids in both sex of adults and pupae, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most dominant fatty acids in eggs and 3rd instars. Results of triacylglycerol fraction revealed that fatty acid composition of eggs had higher level of C16:1, C18:0 and C18:3n-3 content than that of 3rd instars and pupae, which suggests accumulation of energetic and structural reserve materials during embryonic development. At more advanced developmental stages, mainly in adult females, the amount of C16:1 increased once again, which may be related to the need for accumulation of sufficient energy and of carbon reservoir in the developing new vitellum. Percentages of C18:1 were significantly high in adult stages compared to other stages. These findings indicate that the accumulation and consumption of fatty acids fluctuate through different development stages. Diet did not effect the fatty acid composition of L. sheppardi adults.

External ophthalmomyiasis infestation

Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by the eggs or larvae of flies of the order Diptera. Although 80 different species of Diptera have been known to invade human tissues, myiasis is not a common disease in humans. Ophthalmomyiasis refers to infestations of the eye or ocular adnexa. External ophthalmomyiasis refers to a limited infestation of superficial periocular tissues and includes palpebral and conjunctival myiasis. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of external ophthalmomyiasis due to Chrysomyia bezziana.

Eggs, first instar larvae and distribution of the neuropterids Lertha extensa and L. sheppardi (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) in south-eastern Turkey

Abstract The morphology of the eggs and first instar larvae of Lertha extensa (Oliver, 1811) and Lertha sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) are described and illustrated with drawings and photographs. Both species can be identified based on first instar larvae. The distribution of both species in south-eastern Turkey is given.

Rediscovery and redescription of Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894) in Turkey (Insecta: Neuroptera)

Abstract Dielocroce ephemera which was described from Mardin province (Turkey) in 1894 and has not been found since then, was re-discovered in Batman province in 2002. The description includes illustrations of both male and female genitalia and a discussion of the taxonomic status of the species.

Acute Toxicity of Deltamethrin on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid Classes in Liver and Gill Tissues of Nile tilapia

Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the acute toxicity of deltamethrin on the fatty acids of phospholipid (PL) classes in liver and gill of Nile tilapia. The fatty acids of PL classes were analyzed by gas chromatography. Deltamethrin brought about differences in the fatty acids of the PL classes in the liver and gill. In the liver of exposed fish, 16:0, 18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylcholine (PC); 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylinositol (PI) and in phosphatidylserine (PS) 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) were the affected fatty acids. There were significant alterations in ∑MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), ∑(n-3)PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PC; ∑SFAs (saturated fatty acids), ∑MUFAs, ∑PUFAs, ∑(n-3)PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PE; ∑SFAs, ∑MUFAs, ∑(n-3)PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PI and ∑SFAs, ∑MUFAs, ∑PUFAs and ∑(n-3)PUFAs in PS. In the gill, 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PC; 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PE; 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) in PI and in PS 16:0, 18:0,18:1(n-9), 20:3(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) affected. The alterations in ∑SFAs, ∑MUFAs, ∑PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PC; ∑SFAs, ∑MUFAs, ∑PUFAs, ∑(n-3)PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PE; ∑(n-3)PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PI; ∑SFAs, ∑MUFAs, ∑PUFAs, ∑(n-3) PUFAs and ∑(n-6)PUFAs in PS were significant in gill. The changes in the fatty acids of the PL classes in response to deltamethrin can influence structure and functions of the membrane systems. Changes in fatty acids may be one defense mechanism against the deltamethrin.

Third instars larvae of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontindae)

The third instar larva of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968 are described and figured for the first time using light and scanning electron microscopy. The females were collected from Derik, Mardin Province, Turkey and maintained in the laboratory. The morphology of different parts of the larva such as head, mandibles, and antennae are described and illustrated. G. gibbosus is new for the Turkish fauna.

MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE STRUCTURE OF EGGS AND FIRST INSTAR LARVAE OF DIELOCROCE BAUDII (NEUROPTERA: NEMOPTERIDAE) FROM TURKEY

ABSTRACT The morphology of eggs and first instar larvae of Dielocroce baudii (Griffini 1895) are described and illustrated for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The eggs are elongate and cylindrical with rounded ends and bear a small terminal micropylar knob. The chorion has two types of small protrusions. Newly emerged larva of D. baudii are characterized by an elongated tapering head, long pale prothorax, and prominent pale dark orange marks on the metatergites. The body is covered with short setae and dolichasters.

Morphology and Surface Structure of Third Instar Larvae of Solter ledereri Navás, 1912 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Turkey

ABSTRACT The morphology of third instar larvae of Solter ledereri Navás, 1912 is described and figured for the first time using light and scanning electron microscopy. The females were collected from Karacadağ Mountain, Diyarbakir Province, Turkey, and maintained in the laboratory. The different parts of the third instar larvae such as head, mandibles, antennae and types of sensory receptors are described and illustrated.

Morphology, Surface Structure and Sensory Receptors of Larvae of Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894) (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)

ABSTRACT: The morphology of larvae of Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894) is described and figured for the first time using light and scanning electron microscopy. The females were collected from Mardin Province, Turkey, and maintained in the laboratory. The different parts of the third instar larvae such as head, mandibles, antennae and types of sensory receptors are described and illustrated.

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on ovary and testis histopathology in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin

The effects of deltamethrin on the histology of Oreochromis niloticus testis and ovary and the protective effect of vitamin E supplementation were investigated. The fish were divided into four groups, i.e. a control group, a vitamin-E-treated group, a deltamethrin-treated group and a vitamin E+deltamethrin-treated group. In the control and vitamin-E-treated groups, the ovaries and testes were normal at the end of 7, 14, and 21 days. In the deltamethrin-treated group, deformed oocytes, atretic oocytes, melanomacrophage centers, and focal necrotic areas were noted in the ovaries. Deltamethrin also caused cell necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, decreasing number of spermatogenic cells, decreasing spermatozoa within the lumen of tubule, decreasing number of spermatocyte cells, hypertrophy and degeneration of spermatogonia cells, and increasing number of macrophages in testis. Vitamin E decreased some histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin, but did not confer complete protection.