Ali Sen

Essential Oil Composition of Centaurea stenolepis Kerner. from Turkey

Abstract: Essential oil composition of Centaurea stenolepis Kerner flowers and stems were investigated with GC, GC-MS. Flowers and stems of C. stenolepis had very low essential oil yield <0.01 % (v/w). Twenty eight compounds were identified in the flower oil which represent 53.5 % of the oil. Main components of the flower oil include caryophyllene oxide 12.6 %, hexadecanoic acid 10.6 % and β-Eudesmol 7.2 %. Forty compounds were identified in the stem oils which represent 74.2 % of the oil. Main components of the stem oils include hexadecanoic acid 38.4 % and phytol 12.9 %. Both flower and stem oils were rich on oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and fatty acids.

Essential Oil Composition and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Endemic Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub. –Mor. & Grierson from Turkey

Abstract Water-distilled essential oil from flowers of Tanacetum mucroniferum from Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The flower oil of T. mucroniferum was characterized with oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Main components of the oil were 1,8-cineole 21.9 % and camphor 6.4 %. Antioxidant activity of the oil was determined at various concentrations and incubation time by DPPH radical protocol. Highest activity was observed at 20 mg/mL concentration (22.31 %) with 60 minutes incubation time. When compared with positive control α-tocopherol (96.59 %) at same conditions oil showed low DPPH scavenging activity. T. mucroniferum was reported to be an intermediate species between T. sipikorense and T. aucheranum. Essential oil composition of T. mucroniferum was investigated for the first time and similarities with previously reported T. aucheranum essential oil was compared.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-proliferative compounds from endemic Centaurea kilaea

Abstract Context: The genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) is one of the largest genera in Turkey. Compounds and extracts obtained from different Centaurea species have significant anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Objective: To determine the anti-proliferative activity of isolates from the chloroform extract of C. kilaea Boiss. Materials and methods: Eleven compounds were isolated using column chromatography and preparative TLC from the chloroform extract of aerial parts of endemic C. kilaea. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including UV, lH-NMR and 13C-NMR. Anti-proliferative activity of compounds (0.5–50 μg/mL) were measured against one normal cell line (L-929, mouse fibroblast) and three human cancer cell lines (Hela, cervix carcinoma; MCF-7, breast carcinoma; PC-3, prostate carcinoma) using MTT assay. Results were expressed as IC50 values. Results: None of the 11 compounds displayed activity against L-929 and HeLa. Two of these compounds, cnicin and cirsimaritin, showed fairly strong activity against MCF-7 and PC-3 with IC50 values of 3.25 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: This is the first report on cirsimaritin. Cirsimaritin and cnicin could serve as potential anti-cancer drug candidates against breast and prostate cancer, respectively.

The effect of topical ethanol extract of Cotinus coggygria Scop. on cutaneous wound healing in rats

The aim of this study is to determine the cutaneous wound healing effects of the ethanol extract of Cotinus coggygria leaves in rats by excision wound model to provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of C. coggygria Scop. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and hydroxyproline were investigated in wound tissues. Histopathological examination was also performed. The hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue and the glutathione levels were both significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for both); while the malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the treatment group (p < 0.05). These results were supported with histological results. The ethanol extract of C. coggygria Scop could be considered as an effective agent in wound healing in accordance with its traditional use.

Endemik Centaurea kilaea Boiss. türünün insan tümör hücre dizilerine karşı in vitro antiproliferatif aktivitesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Centaurea kilaea Boiss. (Asteraceae) bitkisinin ileride üzerinde antiproliferatif aktivite yönlendirmeli madde izolasyonu çalışması yapılacak olan aktif ekstresinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle C. kilaea türünün toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen heptan (CKH), kloroform (CKC) ve alt fraksiyonları (CKCSI, CKCSII, CKCSIII) ile metanol ekstresinin (CKM) farklı kanserli hücre hatları üzerinde aktiviteleri araştırılarak en iyi antiproliferatif aktivite gösteren ekstresinin ortaya çıkarılması planlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Antiproliferatif aktivite üç insan kanser hücre hattı üzerinde (Hela: Serviks kanseri hücre dizisi, MCF-7: Meme kanseri hücre dizisi, PC-3: Prostat kanseri hücre dizisi) MTT deneyi aracılığıyla ölçüldü. Bulgular: CKC, 53.07; 68.64 μg/ml İK50 değerleriyle sırasıyla Hela ve MCF-7 hücre dizilerine karşı en yüksek antiproliferatif aktiviteyi sergilemiştir. CKC ve CKM ise PC-3 hücre hattı üzerinde en yüksek antitümoral aktivite göstermişlerdir (sırasıyla İK50: 73.92; 70.11 μg/ml). Aynı zamanda aktif kloroform ekstresinin alt fraksiyonunun (CKCSII), 60.75 ve 60.70 μg/ ml İK50 değeriyle sırasıyla Hela ve MCF-7 hücre dizilerine karşı orta derecede antiproliferatif aktiviteye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışma CKC ve CKCSII ekstrelerinin, yeni antitümoral aktiviteye sahip bileşiklerin biyoaktivite yönlendirmeli fraksiyonlama aracılığıyla izolasyonu için iyi birer aday olduklarını gösterir. Aynı zamanda bulgularımız, başka Centaurea türleri üzerinde yapılmış olan çalışmalarla benzerlik göstererek Centaurea türlerinin antikanser aktiviteye sahip oldukları gerçeğini doğrulamaktadır. Ayrıca aktif çıkan ekstre farklı hücre hatları üzerinde de denenebilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Centaurea kilaea, antiproliferatif aktivite, MTT ABS TRACT In vitro antiproliferative activity of Endemic Centaurea kilaea Boiss. against Human Tumor Cell Lines

Flavonoids and Biological Activities of Centaurea stenolepis

Centaurea stenolepis Kerner (Asteraceae) is one of the 205 taxa of the genus Centaurea growing wild in Turkey [1]. To the best our knowledge, there is only one previous report on the essential oil of C. stenolepis [2]. The aim of present study was to isolate and characterize the flavonoids in the bioactive extract of C. stenolepis. Plant sample was collected in the flowering period from Catalca, Istanbul in 2009 and identified by Dr. Gizem Bulut (No. 11651). The dried and powdered stems and leaves of C. stenolepis (1 kg) were extracted with petroleum ether and ethanol with a Soxhlet extractor, respectively. The concentrated ethanol extract was diluted with water and extracted with toluene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively, for fractionation. The extracts were filtered and concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous ethanol extracts. From various fractions of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts of C. stenolepis, by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silica gel preparative circular chromatography (Chromatotron), silica gel preparative TLC, and paper chromatography (determination of sugars), we have isolated four flavonols, a flavonol aglycone in the petroleum ether extract, jaceidin (24 mg, 1), and three flavonol glucosides in the ethyl acetate extract, jacein (62 mg, 2), patuletin 3-O-glucoside (6.2 mg, 3), and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (9.4 mg, 4) 3, 4 . UV, NMR spectra (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC), and TLC-PC comparisons with authentic samples were used for the structure elucidation of the purified compounds. Jaceidin (1). C18H16O8 3, 5 . 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, , ppm, J/Hz): 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 4.01 (3H, s, 6-OCH3), 4.07 (3H, s, 3 -OCH3), 7.70 (2H, H-2 , 6 ), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.2, H-5 ), 6.58 (1H, s, H-8). Jacein (2). C24H26O14 3, 6]. UV (MeOH, max, nm): 257, 272sh, 352; +NaOMe: 268, 408; +AlCl3: 270, 280sh, 295sh, 380; +AlCl3/HCl: 268, 280sh, 296sh, 369, 400sh; +NaOAc: 260, 359, 415; +NaOAc/H3BO3: 258, 270sh, 355. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, , ppm, J/Hz): 3.88 (3H, s, 3 -OCH3), 3.84 (3H, s, 6-OCH3), 3.79 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 1.8, H-2 ), 7.62 (1H, dd, J = 1.8; 8.5, H-6 ), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.5, H-5 ), 7.03 (1H, s, H-8), 5.13 (1H, d, J = 7.4, Glc H-1 ), 3.82–3.18 (sugar protons). Patuletin 3-O-Glucoside (3). C22H22O14. 3, 7 . 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6, , ppm): 177.4 (C-4), 155.87 (C-9), 153.5 (C-2), 152.15 (C-5), 151.71 (C-7), 148.51 (C-4 ), 144.84 (C-3 ), 132.89 (C-3), 131.60 (C-6), 121.50 (C-1 ), 121.20 (C-6 ), 116.12 (C-2 ), 115.23 (C-5 ), 104.33 (C-10), 101.01 (C-1 ), 94.01 (C-8), 77.49 (C-5 ), 76.51 (C-3 ), 74.09 (C-2 ), 69.91 (C-4 ), 60.95 (C-6 ), 59.77 (6-OCH3). The free radical scavenging capacity of various extracts of Centaurea stenolepis Kerner (toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, aqueous ethanol) and standard were evaluated according to the previously reported procedure using the stable DPPH [8]. Also, the total phenolic contents of these extracts were measured using Folin–Ciocalteau reagent [9]. The ethyl acetate extract was the most potent in antioxidant activity (IC50 value of the ethyl acetate extract 1.29 mg/mL) and total phenolic content (107.30 mg GAE/g dry material). Agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods were used in the antimicrobial

Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. from Turkey

Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using microdilution method against seven bacteria and one fungus. The yield of light yellow-coloured essential oil was 1.1%. Eighteen compounds were identified in oil of the aerial parts representing 99.2% of the C. aromaticum oil. Sabinene (28.1%), terpinolene (16.7%) and γ-terpinene (16.1%) were characterized as the main compounds. The oil exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 63.62±1.26 μg/ml. The oil at a concentration of 20 mg/mL inhibited DPPH radical by 2.06%. The oil exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC: 156 μg/ml) and S.epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC: 625 μg/ml). The results showed that C. aromaticum essential oil was rich in monoterpene compounds and had moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus strains as well as having significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethanol extract of Cotinus coggygria leaves accelerates wound healing process in diabetic rats

Abstract Context: Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) leaves that were used as wound healing in traditional Balkan and Anatolian folk medicine, could be potentially effective in treating diabetic wounds. Objective: This study investigates biochemical and histological effects of ethanol extract of C. coggygria (CCE) on excision wound model in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on diabetic Wistar albino rats, which were injected by a single dose (50 mg/kg i.p.) streptozotocin. Afterward an excision wound model was created in all animals; diabetic control rats were applied topically simple ointment and diabetic treatment rats were applied topically 5% (w/w) ointment with CC, once a day during the experimental period. Malondialdehyde, glutathione and hydroxyproline levels in wound tissues were investigated at the end of 3rd, 7th, and 14th days. Histopathological examination was also performed. Results: Hydroxyproline content was significantly increased in the CCE treated group versus control after the 3rd and 7th days (15.33 versus 11.83; 19.67 versus 15.67 mg/g, p < 0.05; respectively). A statistically significant elevation in glutathione at the end of 3rd, 7th, and 14th days (5.13 versus 1.58, p < 0.05; 4.72 versus 1.88, p < 0.05; 3.83 versus 1.88 μmol/g, p < 0.05, respectively) and a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde level at the end of 7th day (4.49 versus 1.48 nmol/g, p < 0.05) were determined in the treated group versus control group. These results were also supported by histological analyses. Discussion and conclusion: These findings indicate that CCE accelerated the cutaneous wound healing process in diabetic wounds, in confirmation of its traditional use.