Aline Kellermann de Freitas

Avaliação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this study was to economically evaluate feedlot finished steers and young steers from two genetic groups: 5/8Charolais (CH) 3/8Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH. The average age of animals at the end of the experimental period was 22.8 and 15.2 months for steers and young steers, respectively. Animals were maintained in the feedlot until reach the previously established slaughter weight of 430 kg. Animals were fed a diet containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 with the following chemical composition: 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. Economical evaluation was performed as follows: FW - period spent for young steers to reach final body weight similar to steers and FBCS - period spent for young steers to reach final body condition score (FBCS) similar to steers. Variables responsible for most of the total production cost of one hectare of corn silage were: crop fertilizer (23.27%), nitrogen fertilizer (16.05%), seeds (11.56%), insecticide (9.97%), post-emergent herbicide (9.40%), and canvas (6.85%). Of the total estimated cost of the diet, forage represented 23.75% and concentrate 76.25%. The cost per kg of weight gain was similar between steers and young steers FW (R

Características quantitativas da carcaça de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

1.29/kg) and greater than young steers FBCS (R

Características de carcaças de bovinos Nelore inteiros vs castrados em duas idades, terminados em confinamento

1.18/kg). Total and monthly profitabilities were, respectively, 25.79 and 4.19% for steers and 26.19 and 2.68% for young steers (FW) and 28.11 and 3.60% for young steers (FBCS) showing that reduction of the feeding period of feedlot beef steers increases profitability. Among genetic groups, 5/8CH 3/8NE animals showed higher total net income as well as total and monthly profitabilities compared to 5/8NE 3/8CH.

Características das partes do corpo não-integrantes da carcaça de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the carcass quantitative characteristics of two categories: steers and young steers, from two genetic groups, 5/8Charolais (CH) 3/8Nelore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH, and to evaluate the relation among studied variables. The animals were fedlot finished until reaching 430 kg of body weight. Steers were slaughtered averaging 22.8 months old and young steers 15.2 months old. The diet, roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 (dry matter basis), contained 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with six replicates, according to a 2 x 2 (two categories x two genetic groups) factorial scheme. Significant interactions were verified for hot (HDP) and cold (CDP) dressing percentage. 5/8NE 3/8CH young steers showed higher HDP (57.51 vs. 54.10%) and CDP (54.84 vs. 52.62%) than 5/8CH 3/8NE of same category and in relation to 5/8NE 3/8CH steers (55.43 vs. 53.84%, respectively).Young steers showed carcasses with higher subcutaneous fat thickness in mm (6.29 vs. 3.22) and mm/100 kg cold carcass weight (2.71 vs. 1.39), cushion thickness (26.58 vs. 25.17 cm), sidecut percentage (13.45 vs. 11.34) and lower sawcut percentage (50.33 vs. 51.39) than steers. Between genetic groups, 5/8CH 3/8NE animals showed carcasses with higher conformation score (11.00 vs. 10.33 points), and 5/8NE 3/8CH higher leg length (72.46 vs. 69.92 cm), arm length (41.92 vs. 38.46 cm) and forequarter percentage (37.54 vs. 36.43). Carcass conformation was positively correlated with Longissimus dorsi area (r = 0.35), cushion thickness (r = 0.23) and arm perimeter (r = 0.15), and negatively with chilling loss of carcass (r = - 0.35). The correlation coefficient was of 0.55 between subcutaneous fat thickness and sidecut percentage.

Avaliação do comportamento agronômico da planta e valor nutritivo da silagem de diferentes híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L.)

Carcass dressing and primary cuts of Nellore cattle, submitted to the treatments: C13 = steers castrated at 13 months of age (n=26); C18 = steers castrated at 18 months of age before feedlot (n=26) and INT = intact males (n=25) was evaluated in this researach. The animals were confined per 100 days, fed diet with 12,0 % crude protein, 2.9 Mcal of DE/kg DM and forage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 (% DM), and slaughtered at 22 months of age. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The INT animals showed higher slaughter weight 395.0 kg, hot (214.89 kg) and cold - CCW (212.21 kg) carcass weights then castrated, without differences between castrated at different ages. The INT animals showed higher cold dressing percentage (53.71%) and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (LDA) (61.23 cm2) in relation to C13 (51.99% and 56.59 cm2, respectively), without differences between C13 vs C18 and C18 vs INT. The sexual condition did not influence hot dressing percentage, chilling loss, LDA/100 kg CCW, carcass length, arm length and perimeter, and side cut. The INT animals showed lower values for fat thickness in relation to castrated, that did not differ between them. The INT animals showed higher percentage for forequarter (40.13) and lower for side cut (10.22) and saw cut (50.24) than C13 (38.33; 11.09 and 51.77, respectively) and C18 (38.82; 10.73 and 51.46, respectively), without difference between them. In absolute values, INT animals showed higher forequarter weight than castrated, which did not differ between them, and higher saw cut weight than C13.

Apreciação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos Red Angus superjovens abatidos com diferentes pesos

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the components of non integrate body components of carcass of two categories, steers (slaughtered at 22.8 months old) and young steers (slaughtered at 15.2 months old), from two genetic groups, 5/8 Charolais (CH) 3/8 Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH, and to evaluate the relationship among the variables studied. The animals were fedlot finished until reaching 430 kg. The diet, roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 (dry matter basis), contained 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with six replicates, according to a 2 x 2 (two categories x two genetic groups) factorial scheme. Slaughter weight (SW) and empty body weight (EBW) were similar between categories and between genetic groups. When the components were expressed as absolute values and adjusted for EBW and SW, steers showed higher heart, liver, empty omasum and total vital organs weights, and young steers showed higher rawhide, kidney fat, trim fat and total internal fats weights. While 5/8CH 3/8NE showed higher liver, kidney fat, total vital organs and blood weights, and 5/8NE 3/8CH higher rawhide and total external components weights. When adjusted for EBW, steers showed higher weights of components lung, empty rumen+reticulum and total empty digestible tract, while 5/8CH 3/8NE showed higher total empty digestible tract weight. Each kg of intermuscular fat deposited in the carcass represented increase of 0.006 points in slaughter body condition score, 0.113 mm in subcutaneous fat thickness, 0.253 kg in ruminal+visceral fat, 0.089 kg in kidney fat, 0.076 kg in trim fat and 0.040 kg in inguinal fat. Positive relation was verified among requirement of net energy for maintenance and weight of vital organs components.

Composição física da carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento agronomico produtivo da planta e as caracteristicas quimico-bromatologicas e fermentativas da silagem de diferentes hibridos de milho (Zea mays, L.): Agroceres AG-5011, Braskalb XL-344 e Cargill C-806. Para as avaliacoes agronomicas dos hibridos, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e, para a avaliacao das silagens, o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo o criterio de bloqueamento o periodo de utilizacao da silagem. O hibrido C-806 foi o mais precoce, com intervalo de 100 dias da semeadura a colheita para ensilagem, enquanto o hibrido XL-344 foi o mais tardio, com intervalo de 121 dias. As caracteristicas fenotipicas da planta de milho determinaram o potencial produtivo dos hibridos, tendo o hibrido AG-5011 apresentado a maior altura de planta e potencial produtivo de materia verde e materia seca por hectare, em relacao aos hibridos C-806 e XL-344. Verificou-se, nos hibridos AG-5011 e C-806, maior populacao final de plantas em relacao ao hibrido XL-344. O hibrido C-806 apresentou menor proporcao de graos em relacao a planta inteira. Com base nos teores de MS e DIVMS, as silagens dos hibridos AG-5011, C-806 e XL-344 sao classificadas como de boa qualidade. Com relacao as caracteristicas fermentativas, N-NH3/NT e pH, as silagens dos tres hibridos sao classificadas como de muito boa qualidade.

Desempenho de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

The objective of this experiment was to conduct an economic evaluation of feedlot finished Red Angus young steers fed to reach slaughter weights (SW) of 340, 370, 400 and 430 kg (actual SW of: 340, 373, 401 and 434 kg). Animals spent 114, 144, 168 and 209 days to reach the target SW at 12, 13, 14 and 15 months of age, respectively. Animals were fed a diet containing 13.26% crude protein and a forage (corn silage) to concentrate ratio of 56:44 (dry matter basis). The most representative operational costs (total costs/ha) for crop establishment and management were: crop fertilization (21.21%), top spreading fertilization (12.86%), seeds (11.40%), and weeds (5.78%) and insect control (4.52%). Feed (forage plus concentrate) represented 77.2% of the production cost when animal acquisition was not included in the calculation with concentrate accounting for 58.3% of these costs. The cost/kg of weight gain increased linearly from 1.94 to 2.34 R

Composição física da carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos de gerações avançadas do cruzamento alternado entre as raças Charolês e Nelore, terminados em confinamento

/kg when SW was increased from 340 to 434 kg. Increasing SW from 340 to 434 kg reduced the profitability of feedlot finished Red Angus young steers.

Aspectos quantitativos de carcaças de bovinos de diferentes raças, alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the carcass physical composition and meat qualitative characteristics of males of two categories, steers (slaughtered at 22.8 months old) and young steers (slaughtered at 15.2 months old), from two genetic groups, 5/8 Charolais (CH) 3/8 Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH, and to evaluate the relationship among the variables studied. The animals were fedlot finished until reaching 430 kg. The diet, roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 (dry matter basis), contained 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with six replicates, according to a 2 x 2 (two categories x two genetic groups) factorial scheme. Steers showed carcasses with higher percentage and total quantity of muscle (66.45% and 153.93 kg vs. 60.27% and 141.00 kg), higher muscle:fat ratio (3.64 vs. 2.45), carcasses with lower percentage and total quantity of fat (18.59% and 43.59 kg vs. 24.78% and 58.07 kg), meat with less marbling (6.25 vs. 8.42 points), less juiciness (6.83 vs. 7.34 points) and lipid content (1.01 vs. 1.76%) than young steers. Steers showed equal meat color (4.42 points) and similar meat tenderness, evaluated by the test panel (6.53 and 6.92 points) and shear force (3.84 and 4.22 kgf/cm³) in relation to young steers. The 5/8NE 3/8CH animals showed carcasses with higher fat percentage (22.43 vs. 20.95). Meat quality characteristics were not influenced by genetic group. Meat tenderness was positively correlated with percentual (r = 0.27) and total (r = 0.31) carcass fat, and with marbling score (r = 0.28). Meat juiciness showed positive correlation with percentual (r = 0.45) and total (r = 0.47) carcass fat. The two last ones were negatively associated with thawing loss (r = - 0.23 and -0.31, respectively).