Aline Silva Gouvêa

Haemonchus resistente a lactona macrocíclica em caprinos naturalmente parasitados

Ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug that is widely used in young goats, was avalied as to its effect on gastrointestinal nematodes, at all parasitic stages. Twelve naturally infected young goats were studied: six of them received 200µg/kg of ivermectin orally, while the other six was used as controls. The faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test, the larval culture and the worm burden was estimated. Faecal samples was collected from the goats on the day of medication (day zero), at seven and at fourteen days. All the goats were killed fourteen days after treatment; helminths were collected and the total parasite load was estimated. FECR and the efficiency of the drug on adult nematodes was 42.10% and 32.62%, respectively. The genus Haemonchus represented 100% of the population in the treated group and 99.58% of the control group. These results show that the goats had already been infected by ivermectin-resistant Haemonchus strains.

Microplacas de titânio em fraturas de tibiotarso em pombos domésticos

Among the surgical problems in birds, the fractures are the most prevalent. Due to variations in size, weight, peculiar bone anatomy, high incidence of complicated fractures and functional demands of different species and individuals, it is still not possible to establish an ideal method for osteosynthesis of long bones in birds. Titanium microplates commonly used in human maxillofacial surgery have been recently employed in osteosynthesis of birds, but with few results available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of titanium microplates in the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in 30 pigeons (Columba livia) , adult males and females, with 7 months old, weighing from 400 to 500. The animals were divided into 3 groups with ten animals each. In group 1, a titanium microplate with 6 holes and a central spacer was used; in group 2, a titanium microplate with 8 holes without a spacer in the center was used; in group 3, a titanium microplate with 8 holes with central spacer was used. After clinical evaluation, the birds were submitted to mid-diaphyseal osteotomy in the right bone for placement of different configurations of the titanium plate, and fixed with titanium microscrews 7mm long. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically until 90 days postoperatively. After this period, euthanasia was performed in 2 animals from each group. In all animals was observed bone healing and in group 1 the mean and standard deviation were 32.9±9.9 days, in group 2, 30.8±6.7 days in group 3, 26.6±6.4 days. There was no statistical difference in healing time between groups. The bending of the implant was the most common complication. The configuration of the plate resulted in a statistically significant difference in relation to walking and to the degree of bending in the different groups. Moreover, in group 3 there was higher precocity in the member suppor and a lower degree of bending in relation to other groups. Histologically, it was verified formation of the callus in all animals and presence of bone tissue around the plate and microscrews. Despite the complications of titanium microplates, they are an option for tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in birds of medium size.

Osteossíntese de tibiotarso com miniplaca de titânio em Arara Canindé (Ara ararauna)

Among the surgical problems of birds, fractures are the most prevalent, and the long bones of the wings and pelvic limbs are the most frequently affected. The success of orthopedic surgery in birds is directly related to the techniques used to undo the mechanical forces of a fracture. At the veterinary teaching hospital a psitacid from the Ara ararauna (blue-and-yellow-macaw) species with a clinical history of trauma in the cage was treated. Craniocaudal and lateral radiographs of the left limb demonstrated a mid-diaphyseal fracture of the tibiotarsus. The bird was sent to surgery. The patient was anesthetized with isufluorane and for the pre-anesthesic medicacion methadone was administrated. A medial surgical approach to the tibiotarsus was made and fracture reduction was performed. The fracture was stabilized through a titanium miniplate (system 2mm) fixed medially on the tibiotarsus with 6 cortical miniscrews, being 3 proximal and 3 distal to the fracture site. In this case, there was no complication in placing the miniplate and miniscrews, resulting in a satisfactory alignment of the fragments and causing an efficient reduction of the diaphyseal fracture of tibiotarsus with functional return of the limb and bone consolidation.

Sedation Effect of Acepromazine and Butorphanol in Dopplervelocimetric Parameters in Great Abdominal Arteries and Femoral Artery in Dogs

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after sedation in all selected vessels, except the celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, which were possible only in 35% and 45% respectively. All measured arteries exhibit difference in at least two of the analyzed parameters, except femoral artery, that only diameter was different. Discussion: Each vessel was selected because of its importance, and each of them has its own characteristic waveform. Changes in patterns of flow velocity of the celiac artery and mesenteric can help to determine the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract; in the case of renal arteries are associated with diseases involving parenchyma and; thrombosis in the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries may be difficult to evaluate without the Doppler image. Examination of the AC and AMC before and after sedation not could be performed in all animals, maybe because the present work was carried out with only fasting requirement, without using dimethicone, and one of the difficulties encountered was the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Another factor that may have contributed to these findings is that the acute stress of containment and other environmental factors can cause release of vasopressin and leads to vasoconstriction of the splanchnic vascular bed. The dopplervelocimetric data found in celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal and femoral arteries in non-sedated animals was similar to what was described by other authors. Although all dogs demonstrated relaxation during the exam, this sedation protocol alters the values found with Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except femoral artery, which caused only increase of diameter. The Doppler differences found can be a consequence of a decrease in heart rate associated with longer cycle length, and therefore, larger diastolic volume with vessels that stayed with same diameter, or in case of caudal abdominal aorta, that reduced the diameter. This study compared the dopplervelocimetric values to the ones described by other authors in non-sedated animals and demonstrated that although acepromazine and buthorphanol are a good option to sedate dogs to perform ultrasound exam, they alter the Doppler values from aorta abdominal, celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac arteries and the femoral artery diameter.

Corpo estranho traqueal em cão

The occurrence of a tracheal foreign body in a three-month-old male Poodle referred to a Teaching Veterinary Hospital due to acute coughing, gagging and nausea is reported. A bronchoscopy under general anesthesia was performed in order to obtain a diagnose. During the bronchoscopy a foreign body (maize popcorn) was observed in the intrathoracic trachea. The surgeon attempted to remove it by endoscopy, but no success was achieved. Therefore, an open procedure was performed and the foreign body removed. The patient progressed satisfactorily after the thoracotomy.

Miniplacas de titânio na redução de fraturas mandibulares em cães e gatos: estudo de seis casos

Jaw and maxilla fractures are common in dogs and cats, representing 3-6% of all fractures. Numerous techniques are proposed to reduce the defect such as intramedullary pin, percutaneous skeletal fixation, circumferential wiring, acrylic splints and bone plating. This study aimed to evaluate the use of 2.0mm and 1.5mm titanium microplates in the treatment of mandibular fractures in dogs and cats, respectively. The screws and the mini and microplates used were composed of titanium and their format depended on the location and type of fracture. A total of 6 cases were selected and 4 of them had complete consolidation using the mini microplate method alone or associated with steel wire or tie with noseband. In one case the failure occurred due to plate breakage and other implant failed due to dehiscence of the skin suture. The use of mini titanium microplates was effective in most cases, as a single method or combined with other techniques of osteosynthesis, because it promoted rigid fixation and return to the appropriate function.